3D Imaging Solutions for the Human Body and the Natural and Built Environments

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Three-dimensional geomatics engineering measurement systems that utilize active imaging sensors are used in many diverse applications. One notable application is the use of dual fluoroscopic imaging (X-ray video imagery) for laboratory measurement of skeletal motion to help identify the cause of osteoarthritis. This painful condition currently affects 4.6 million Canadians and is expected to increase to 10 million in the next 30 years. A second application of geomatics measurement systems is the use of terrestrial laser scanners to create three-dimensional models of the natural and built environments in support of civil infrastructure integrity monitoring, observing landscape changes and recording large indoor spaces. Regardless of the application, the accuracy of the resulting measurements is critical. Several fundamental processes that are part of imaging technologies operate “in the background”, unseen by end users. Nevertheless, these processes are critical to obtaining accurate measurements from imaging systems. Several shortcomings exist that must be overcome in order to realize their true potential. These shortcomings prevent the automation of measurement processes, thereby requiring highly trained, expert operators. Moreover, they prevent the realization of the highest possible dimensional accuracy, thereby limiting broader uptake of the technologies. The long-term objective of this research program is to enable non-experts to use geomatics technologies to solve real-world problems that require accurate 3D spatial models. Under this Discovery Grant, new sensor calibration, data registration and three-dimensional modelling processes will be developed to overcome current system limitations. A high degree of process automation will be realized to permit measurement system use by non-expert users. Improved modelling of errors inherent to dual fluoroscopic imaging systems and new image registration methods will allow accurate measurements of knee joint motion to help gain a better understanding of the causes of osteoarthritis. New terrestrial laser scanner system calibration processes will be developed to correct unresolved instrument errors that currently limit the accuracy of these instruments systems for precision engineering applications. A new approach to the optimal network design process will reduce labour costs for the documentation of large indoor environments such as shopping malls, airports and industrial complexes. Finally, rigorous change detection methodologies will improve the ability to quantify change in both the natural and built environments. This work will benefit the global $1 billion terrestrial laser scanning service industry that will more than double in value by 2023.