Real-Time Scheduling for Internet of Vehicles

车联网（IoV）有望实现下一代车辆应用，如预防性维护/诊断、基于反馈的路由、速度和燃料管理，以及先进的主动安全等。车联网作为一种关键业务系统，需要保证各种业务/应用的QoS （Quality of Service）需求，特别是对于数据包级或应用级有时限约束的实时业务。因此，服务实时应用被认为是车联网和许多其他网络物理系统的关键组成部分。尽管对车联网技术进行了大量的研究，但支持高置信度车联网实时应用的成熟科学仍然缺失，传统的分析工具/算法无法应对车联网的全部复杂性或充分预测系统行为，这是由于此类系统的高移动性和内在异质性所带来的巨大挑战。******本研究计划的长期目标是促进高效和低复杂性调度算法的发展，以在车联网中提供异构服务。未来5年的短期目标是建模和表征车辆移动性对实时调度的影响，为能够实现最佳性能的设计调度策略制定严格和系统的框架，并开发考虑各种工程成本和约束的高效实时调度算法。******该计划将考虑异构车辆连接，其中车辆能够连接蜂窝网络基站、Wi-Fi接入点和其他车辆。提出的研究包括三个重点：***(1)小区内调度：开发吞吐量/效用最优调度算法，以增强当今的蜂窝网络或下一代蜂窝网络，以实时方式提供特定位置的车联网服务；***(2)全网调度：针对车辆自组织网络中具有硬截止日期的数据包开发最优分布式调度算法，同时考虑长期和短期保证，以及由于车辆移动性而产生的流级动态；***(3)应用级调度：开发最优的应用级调度算法，支持受应用延迟约束的蜂窝流量转向。******预计拟议的研究计划将产生重大的科学、技术和社会影响，为支持车联网的实时应用提供科学研究基础。该项目还将有助于培养高素质人才，为学员提供扎实的车联网研发知识和研究背景，使他们能够为加拿大的高科技产业做出贡献。

Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is envisioned to enable next-generation vehicular applications, such as preventive maintenance/diagnostics, feedback-based routing, speed and fuel management, and advanced active safety, among others. As a mission-critical system, IoV is required to guarantee the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of various services/applications, especially for real-time services with deadline constraints either at packet level or application level. Serving real-time applications is therefore considered as a key component of IoV and many other cyber-physical systems. Despite significant research effort on IoV technology, a mature science to support real-time applications of high-confidence IoV is still missing, and traditional analysis tools/algorithms are unable to cope with the full complexity of IoV or adequately predict system behavior, due to great challenges that arise from the high mobility and intrinsic heterogeneity of such systems.******The long-term goal of this research program is to advance the development of efficient and low-complexity scheduling algorithms for delivering heterogeneous services in IoV. The short-term objectives in the next five years are to model and characterize the impact of vehicle mobility on real-time scheduling, to develop a rigorous and systematic framework for design scheduling policies that can achieve optimal performance, and to develop efficient real-time scheduling algorithms considering various engineering costs and constraints.******A heterogeneous vehicular connectivity will be considered in this program, where vehicles are capable of connecting to cellular network base stations, Wi-Fi access points, and other vehicles. The proposed research includes three thrusts:***(1) Intra-cell scheduling: the development of throughput/utility-optimal scheduling algorithms for enhancing today's cellular network or for next-generation cellular network to serve location-specific IoV services in a real-time manner;***(2) Network-wide scheduling: the development of optimal distributed scheduling algorithms for packets with hard deadlines in a vehicular ad hoc network, taking account of both the long-term and short-term guarantees, and flow-level dynamics due to vehicle mobility;***(3) Application-level scheduling: the development of optimal application-level scheduling algorithms in favor of cellular traffic steering subject to application delay constraints.******It is anticipated that the proposed research program will generate significant scientific, technological, and social impacts in providing the scientific research foundation for supporting real-time applications in IoV. This program will also contribute to the training of highly qualified personnel, providing the trainees with solid knowledge and research background in R&D of IoV, and enabling them to contribute to Canadian high technology industry.