Genetic, Biochemical, and Physiological Characterization of the Plant Symbionts Sinorhizobium meliloti and Rhizobium leguminosarum

植物共生体苜蓿中华根瘤菌和豆科根瘤菌的遗传、生化和生理特性

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-04966
• 负责人: Oresnik, Ivan
• 金额: $ 4.23万
• 依托单位: University of Manitoba
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=661240
• 关键词: Genetic; Biochemical; Physiological; Characterization; Plant

Rhizobium is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that interacts with legumes to produce nitrogen fixing nodules on the roots thus allowing the plant to live under nitrogen deficient regimes. The genome of Sinorhizobium meliloti is sequenced and has been adopted as a model bacterium in which to study plant-microbe interactions. Although the genetics and biochemistry of the signaling involved during early nodulation are rapidly progressing, comparatively little is understood about how metabolism affects these early stages of plant-bacteria interaction. The inability to utilize sugars that are commonly found around the roots of legume plants can affect how the rhizobia interact with the plant. Strains that are affected in metabolism, and are either unable to compete for nodule occupancy or are unable to form effective nitrogen fixing symbiosis will be used as genetic tools to identify determinants that are necessary for efficient associations. The genes involved in these processes will be characterized physiologically, genetically as well as biochemically to identify how they affect the symbiosis, both at a whole plant level, as well as at a molecular level. The study of rhizobia is of particular interest to those working in the agriculture, specifically in plant-microbe interactions, however, as rhizobia have commonalities with many other bacteria this work on metabolism can extend to a broader scientific community working on problems such as bioremediation, drug development or other applications. In addition, the knowledge generated also has the potential to be translational, and have applicability to Canada's inoculum industry. The ability to produce better inoculums for legume production will greatly decrease the nitrogen input needed for agriculture and lead to more sustainable agricultural practices.

根瘤菌是一种革兰氏阴性土壤细菌，它与豆科植物相互作用，在根部产生固氮根瘤，从而使植物在缺氮条件下生存。meliloti Sinorhizobium meliloti基因组测序已被采用作为研究植物与微生物相互作用的模式细菌。尽管在早期结瘤过程中涉及的信号的遗传学和生物化学进展迅速，但相对而言，人们对代谢如何影响植物-细菌相互作用的这些早期阶段知之甚少。无法利用豆科植物根部常见的糖会影响根瘤菌与植物的相互作用。受代谢影响的菌株，要么无法竞争结核占用，要么无法形成有效的固氮共生，将被用作遗传工具，以确定有效关联所必需的决定因素。参与这些过程的基因将在生理学、遗传学和生物化学上进行表征，以确定它们如何在整个植物水平和分子水平上影响共生关系。根瘤菌的研究对那些从事农业工作的人来说是特别感兴趣的，特别是在植物与微生物的相互作用方面，然而，由于根瘤菌与许多其他细菌有共同之处，这项关于代谢的工作可以扩展到更广泛的科学社区，研究诸如生物修复、药物开发或其他应用等问题。此外，所产生的知识也具有转化的潜力，并适用于加拿大的接种产业。生产更好的豆科植物接种物的能力将大大减少农业所需的氮投入，并导致更可持续的农业实践。