Genetic, Biochemical, and Physiological Characterization of the Plant Symbionts Sinorhizobium meliloti and Rhizobium leguminosarum

植物共生体苜蓿中华根瘤菌和豆科根瘤菌的遗传、生化和生理特性

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-04966
• 负责人: Oresnik, Ivan
• 金额: $ 4.23万
• 依托单位: University of Manitoba
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=690776
• 关键词: Genetic; Biochemical; Physiological; Characterization; Plant

Rhizobium is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that interacts with legumes to produce nitrogen fixing nodules on the roots thus allowing the plant to live under nitrogen deficient regimes. The genome of Sinorhizobium meliloti is sequenced and has been adopted as a model bacterium in which to study plant-microbe interactions. Although the genetics and biochemistry of the signaling involved during early nodulation are rapidly progressing, comparatively little is understood about how metabolism affects these early stages of plant-bacteria interaction. The inability to utilize sugars that are commonly found around the roots of legume plants can affect how the rhizobia interact with the plant. Strains that are affected in metabolism, and are either unable to compete for nodule occupancy or are unable to form effective nitrogen fixing symbiosis will be used as genetic tools to identify determinants that are necessary for efficient associations. The genes involved in these processes will be characterized physiologically, genetically as well as biochemically to identify how they affect the symbiosis, both at a whole plant level, as well as at a molecular level. The study of rhizobia is of particular interest to those working in the agriculture, specifically in plant-microbe interactions, however, as rhizobia have commonalities with many other bacteria this work on metabolism can extend to a broader scientific community working on problems such as bioremediation, drug development or other applications. In addition, the knowledge generated also has the potential to be translational, and have applicability to Canada's inoculum industry. The ability to produce better inoculums for legume production will greatly decrease the nitrogen input needed for agriculture and lead to more sustainable agricultural practices.

根瘤菌是一种革兰氏阴性土壤细菌，其与豆类相互作用以在根部产生固氮根瘤，从而允许植物在氮缺乏的情况下生存。苜蓿中华根瘤菌的基因组序列已被测序，并已被用作研究植物-微生物相互作用的模式细菌。虽然在早期植物化过程中涉及的信号传导的遗传学和生物化学正在迅速发展，但相对而言，人们对代谢如何影响植物-细菌相互作用的早期阶段知之甚少。不能利用豆类植物根部周围常见的糖会影响根瘤菌与植物的相互作用。菌株的代谢受到影响，要么是无法竞争结核占用或无法形成有效的固氮共生将被用作遗传工具，以确定高效协会所必需的决定因素。参与这些过程的基因将在生理学、遗传学和生物化学上进行表征，以确定它们如何在整个植物水平和分子水平上影响共生。 根瘤菌的研究对那些从事农业工作的人特别感兴趣，特别是在植物-微生物相互作用中，然而，由于根瘤菌与许多其他细菌具有共性，因此这种代谢工作可以扩展到更广泛的科学界，如生物修复，药物开发或其他应用。 此外，所产生的知识也有可能转化，并适用于加拿大的接种物行业。 为豆类生产更好的接种物的能力将大大减少农业所需的氮投入，并导致更可持续的农业实践。