The Arctic-Atlantic gateway of the Northwest Passage: oceanic exchange, paleoceanography, paleoclimate, proxy calibration and refinement

西北航道的北极-大西洋门户：海洋交换、古海洋学、古气候、代理校准和细化

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-05457
• 负责人: Pienkowski, Anna
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: Grant MacEwan University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=662161
• 关键词: Arctic; Atlantic; gateway; Northwest; Passage

My research group works to determine how the marine environments of Arctic Canada have changed in response to climate change since the last Ice Age (~22,000 years ago) to the present. The focus of this research program, the Northwest Passage (NWP) – the historical route between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans via the shallow channels of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) – is a crucial gateway for heat and water transport from the Arctic Ocean to the North Atlantic. This region has been affected by recent climate change, experiencing pronounced shifts such as decreasing seasonal sea-ice cover. Such changes urgently require Canadian stewardship to contribute to issues of growing social and economic importance. As such, my timely research program will generate new knowledge highly relevant to Arctic communities and decision makers in anticipation of expanded NWP use, as further climate change opens up this region for extensive ship traffic.***The principal objective of this research program is to significantly advance our fundamental knowledge of how and when the CAA became a gateway for Arctic-Atlantic ocean throughflow after the last demise of the great ice sheets in this region, and to improve our understanding of how polar archipelagos respond to climate change both in the past and recently. Another objective is to place recent NWP environmental changes into the long-term geological record and determine whether there are identifiable similarities. This research requires an integrated approach that uses ship-based field studies (marine sediment cores and their included biological and biogeochemical information) with oceanographic modeling to track the timing and style of establishment of oceanic throughflow and to characterize the prevailing environmental conditions (sea-ice cover, water temperatures, ecosystem productivity). These data are used to determine factors controlling Arctic-Atlantic gateway connectivity. To aid in interpreting evidence from marine cores (extending into the distant past) and provide a modern context, this program will also generate valuable data sets on biological and biogeochemical characteristics of surface seabed sediments (which represent the present day). ***This proposed program represents an innovative, integrated and timely research approach to studying the long-term oceanographic and climatic development of polar archipelagos serving as global ocean gateways. Such knowledge is a pre-requisite for an Arctic Ocean-wide understanding of polar responses to climate change. This proposed program will train 12 HQP and provide them with invaluable skills in marine geological, biogeochemical and micropaleontological techniques. Additionally, students will gain expertise in field planning, management skills and gain experience working in remote settings, preparing them to take on leadership roles in academia, industry, and government.**

我的研究小组致力于确定自上次冰河时代（约22，000年前）以来，加拿大北极加拿大的海洋环境如何发生变化。该研究计划的重点是西北通道（NWP） - 通过加拿大北极群岛（CAA）的浅水道之间的大西洋和太平洋之间的历史途径 - 是从北极海到北大西洋的热量和水运输的关键门户。该地区受到最近的气候变化的影响，经历了出处转变，例如减少季节性Sea-Ice覆盖范围。这种变化迫切需要加拿大的管理来促进社会和经济重要性日益增长的问题。因此，我的及时研究计划将产生与北极社区和决策者高度相关的新知识，以期扩大NWP的使用，因为进一步的气候变化为广泛的船舶交通打开了该地区。过去和最近，群岛对气候变化做出反应。另一个目的是将最近的NWP环境变化置于长期地质记录中，并确定是否存在可识别的相似性。这项研究需要一种综合方法，该方法使用基于船舶的现场研究（海洋沉积物核心及其包括的生物学和生物地球化学信息），并使用海洋建模来跟踪海洋遍布的时机和风格，以表征盛行的环境条件（Sea-Ice，水温覆盖，水温，生态系统生产力）。这些数据用于确定控制北极大西洋网关连接性的因素。为了帮助解释海洋核心的证据（延伸到遥远的过去）并提供了现代背景，该计划还将为表面海底沉积物的生物和生物地球化学特征（代表当今）生成有价值的数据集。 ***该提议的计划代表了一种创新，综合和及时的研究方法，用于研究极地群岛的长期海洋学和民用发展，并用作全球海洋门户。这种知识是对北极海洋对气候变化反应的理解的先决条件。该提议的计划将培训12 HQP，并为他们提供海洋地质，生物地球化学和微石材生物学技术的宝贵技能。此外，学生将获得现场规划，管理技能的专业知识，并获得在远程环境中工作的经验，使他们准备在学术界，工业和政府中扮演领导角色。**