Functional characterization of P1B-type heavy-metal ATPase transporters in grasses

草类 P1B 型重金属 ATP 酶转运蛋白的功能表征

• 批准号: 92787-2012
• 负责人: Taylor, Gregory
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=666607
• 关键词: Functional; characterization; P1B; type; heavy

Improving the nutritional quality of food crops is recognized as a critical step to reducing human malnourishment. Micronutrient (e.g. iron and zinc) malnutrition is now recognized as a global problem, affecting more than 3 billion people. Biofortification (enriching nutritional content) of crops is a sustainable and cost-effective solution to micronutrient malnourishment. Food-chain contamination by non-essential trace elements, such as cadmium, also poses a risk to human health. Engineering micronutrient-rich cereal crops that also have reduced levels of toxic elements will require a thorough understanding of the transporters mediating accumulation and allocation of these elements throughout the plant. The goal of the proposed research is to identify the transporter proteins involved in uptake, translocation, and grain loading of trace elements, especially copper, zinc and cadmium, in cereals. Arabidopsis heavy-metal ATPases (HMAs) contribute to subcellular ion homeostasis, detoxification of toxic metals, and delivery of ions to long distance transport systems. Grass HMAs will be cloned and functionally characterized using yeast and the model grass, Brachypodium distachyon. Adopting Brachypodium as a model species will enable knowledge to be transferred more quickly to Triticeae crops (e.g. wheat) that are targets for biofortification. Identifying the mechanisms that control translocation of trace elements to grain will aid the development of cereals crops that can improve human health.**

提高粮食作物的营养质量被认为是减少人类营养不良的关键步骤。营养素（如铁和锌）营养不良现已被确认为一个全球性问题，影响到30多亿人。对作物进行生物强化（增加营养成分）是解决微量营养素营养不良问题的可持续和具有成本效益的办法。食物链受到镉等非必需微量元素的污染，也对人类健康构成威胁。设计富含微量营养素的谷类作物，同时降低有毒元素的水平，将需要彻底了解转运介导的积累和分配这些元素在整个植物。该研究的目的是确定参与谷物中微量元素，特别是铜，锌和镉的吸收，转运和谷物装载的转运蛋白。拟南芥重金属ATP酶（HMAs）有助于亚细胞离子稳态，有毒金属的解毒，并将离子输送到长距离运输系统。将使用酵母和模式草二穗短柄草克隆草HMAs并对其功能进行表征。采用短柄草作为模式物种将使知识能够更快地转移到作为生物强化目标的麦类作物（如小麦）。确定控制微量元素向谷物转移的机制将有助于开发可改善人类健康的谷类作物。