Population and landscape genomics of rapidly evolving gene motifs and introgressive hybridization and their role in adaptation

快速进化的基因基序和渐渗杂交的群体和景观基因组学及其在适应中的作用

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-05637
• 负责人: Wilson, Paul
• 金额: $ 2.77万
• 依托单位: Trent University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=668695
• 关键词: Population; landscape; genomics; rapidly; evolving

We are currently in a period of global warming that is having dramatic effects on species distributions worldwide. Geographic expansions of northern range boundaries are occurring for many species, while the range margins at their southern peripheral distribution are impacted by less suitable habitat and increased isolation resulting from anthropogenic activities and increased biotic stress. Furthermore, notable increases in hybridization are resulting from more secondary contact between previously isolated species. These distributional changes and species interactions will have profound effects on biodiversity and ecological processes. Understanding how standing genetic variation and genomic elements operating at higher rates of change, and hybridization all contribute to adaptability will be important to determining a wildlife population's "response capacity" or "adaptive potential". Targeting gene motifs that may rapidly change to key up with the rate of environmental change is an important first step and coding trinucleotide repeats, most commonly associated with human genetic diseases, may in fact be important natural agents under selection that can keep pace with the contemporary climate change and range redistribution into novel environments. The advancement of next-generation sequencing platforms applied to characterizing these repeats in comprehensive studies of flying squirrels (Glaucomys) and deer mice (Peromyscus) will contribute to our understanding of the genomics of adaptation associated with these variable coding repeat motifs. Furthermore, these species have undergone very recent hybridization, thereby allowing an assessment of the transfer of genes between the southern and northern species within each genera. A study on domesticated mink compared to wild populations, as well as areas where escape farmed mink and wild mink interbreed, will further assess the potential dynamic nature of these repeat motifs having experienced significant shifts in selection pressures in captivity, with subsequent escape and re-entry into natural surroundings and interbreeding with natural local populations. A molecular genetic study of these "model" species will provide important insight into the role rapidly evolving genomic elements and the capacity of hybridization have on facilitating a populations ability to adapt to changing local environments. This research is important for government researchers, policy makers as well as industry to more fully understand the mitigation that will be required with significant range re-distribution of wildlife species and species-at-risk in the future, and not just the current "snapshot" of the environmental landscape. This will yield more effective management strategies to maintain the adaptive potential of natural populations given the increasing development of natural resource industries in Canada. **

我们目前正处于全球变暖时期，对全球物种分布产生了巨大影响。许多物种正在发生北部分布范围边界的地理扩张，而其南部外围分布的分布范围边缘则受到不太适宜的栖息地以及人类活动和生物胁迫增加造成的隔离程度的影响。此外，杂交的显着增加是由于先前分离的物种之间更多的二次接触造成的。这些分布变化和物种相互作用将对生物多样性和生态过程产生深远影响。了解现有的遗传变异和以较高变化率运行的基因组元素以及杂交如何促进适应性对于确定野生动物种群的“反应能力”或“适应潜力”非常重要。针对可能快速变化以适应环境变化速度的基因基序是重要的第一步，而编码三核苷酸重复序列（最常与人类遗传疾病相关）实际上可能是重要的自然因子，可以与当代气候变化保持同步，并将范围重新分配到新的环境中。下一代测序平台的进步应用于对飞鼠（Glaucomys）和鹿小鼠（Peromyscus）的综合研究中表征这些重复，将有助于我们了解与这些可变编码重复基序相关的适应基因组学。此外，这些物种最近经历了杂交，从而可以评估每个属内南方和北方物种之间的基因转移。对驯化水貂与野生种群以及逃逸养殖水貂和野生水貂杂交的地区进行比较的研究将进一步评估这些重复基序的潜在动态性质，这些重复基序在圈养中经历了选择压力的显着变化，随后逃逸并重新进入自然环境并与当地自然种群杂交。对这些“模型”物种的分子遗传学研究将为了解快速进化的基因组元件和杂交能力在促进种群适应不断变化的当地环境的能力方面的作用提供重要的见解。这项研究对于政府研究人员、政策制定者和行业来说非常重要，可以让他们更全面地了解未来野生动物物种和濒危物种的大范围重新分布所需的缓解措施，而不仅仅是当前环境景观的“快照”。鉴于加拿大自然资源产业的不断发展，这将产生更有效的管理策略，以保持自然种群的适应潜力。 **