Shoot apical meristem ontogenesis in vivo and in vitro

体内和体外的顶端分生组织个体发生

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-03828
• 负责人: Yeung, Edward
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: University of Calgary
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=669317
• 关键词: Shoot; apical; meristem; ontogenesis; vivo

***As the Late Professor Ian Sussex stated in his review (Cell 56: 225, 1989), “The meristems make the plant”. Apical meristems (AMs) are the mother of all cells in plants. They are responsible for the formation of tissues and organs of the primary plant body. Without properly functioning AMs, land plants will not exist. Although recent advances have been made in our understanding of the formation, maintenance, and function of AMs during normal plant development, we still do not fully understand how they are initiated during embryogenesis. Tissue culture and micropropagation of plants are important approaches in commercial plant production. To be successful, AM formation is a must in the newly regenerated plants. Moreover, our understanding of AM initiation from in vitro micropropagated plants is even more limited than in vivo studies. One particularly commercially important plant is the orchid. Unlike other flowering plants, orchid AMs are absent during embryo development; instead, they are initiated after seed germination. This begs the questions as to why orchids choose this strategy in meristem initiation and what is the mechanism(s) of meristem gene regulation leading to the delay in meristem formation. Since this research program focuses on a central structure which is key to plant development, this research is important to all biologists interested in plant growth and development.******The overall goal of this research program is to provide a mechanistic understanding of shoot apical meristem ontogeny in vitro using Arabidopsis embryos as explants and in vivo using the moth orchid, Phalaenopsis, developing embryos and protocorms as our experimental systems. We anticipate that we can unravel key events in meristem initiation and the associated regulatory mechanism(s) using these experimental systems. Besides theoretical contributions, we will be able to devise and/or recommend new protocols for plant micropropagation. ******The knowledge concerning meristem formation in vivo and in vitro is the foundation for plant biotechnology applications. The information will benefit both layman and scientists interested in plant growth and development and also to commercial growers nationally and internationally, interested in plant production. If shoot regeneration is guaranteed, this will lead to more successes in transformation studies and the generation of genetically modified plants. Climate change in recent years has brought uncertainty in crop production and yield. Our ability to guarantee shoot production in micropropagated plants will ensure plant production and improve yield. A better understanding of meristem formation in orchids will help in the conservation of species from natural habitat erosion, as apical meristem formation is a prerequisite for further growth and development. This positive outcome will also assist in the commercialization of this unique group of flowering plants.

***正如已故的Ian Sussex教授在他的评论（Cell 56: 225, 1989）中所说，“分生组织构成植物”。顶端分生组织是植物中所有细胞的母体。它们负责初级植物体的组织和器官的形成。没有正常运作的人工基质，陆地植物将不复存在。尽管近年来我们对植物正常发育过程中AMs的形成、维持和功能的了解取得了一些进展，但我们仍然不完全了解它们在胚胎发生过程中是如何启动的。植物的组织培养和微繁是植物商业化生产的重要途径。为了成功，AM的形成是新再生植物必须的。此外，我们对体外微繁殖植物AM起始的理解甚至比体内研究更加有限。兰花是一种特别具有商业价值的植物。与其他开花植物不同，兰花在胚胎发育过程中没有AMs；相反，它们是在种子发芽后开始的。这就引出了为什么兰花在分生组织形成中选择这种策略，以及分生组织基因调控导致分生组织形成延迟的机制是什么。由于这个研究项目的重点是植物发育的关键中心结构，因此这项研究对所有对植物生长和发育感兴趣的生物学家都很重要。******本研究计划的总体目标是在体外以拟南芥胚胎为外植体，在体内以蛾兰、蝴蝶兰、发育中的胚胎和原球茎为实验系统，提供对茎尖分生组织个体发生的机制理解。我们预计，我们可以解开关键事件在分生组织启动和相关的调节机制(s)使用这些实验系统。除了理论贡献，我们将能够设计和/或推荐植物微繁殖的新方案。******关于体内和体外分生组织形成的知识是植物生物技术应用的基础。这些信息将使对植物生长和发育感兴趣的外行人和科学家以及对植物生产感兴趣的国内和国际商业种植者受益。如果茎部再生得到保证，这将导致转化研究和转基因植物的产生取得更多成功。近年来的气候变化给作物生产和产量带来了不确定性。我们的能力，保证芽生产的微型繁殖植物将确保植株生产和提高产量。根尖分生组织的形成是兰花进一步生长发育的先决条件，因此更好地了解根尖分生组织的形成将有助于保护兰花免受自然生境侵蚀。这一积极成果也将有助于这一独特开花植物群的商业化。