Transportation of Hazardous Materials: Management, Coordination, and Optimization

危险物质运输：管理、协调和优化

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-04013
• 负责人: Ke, Ginger
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: Memorial University of Newfoundland
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=680052
• 关键词: Transportation; Hazardous; Materials; Management; Coordination

Often transported in large volumes, hazardous materials (hazmat) shipments are always associated with substantial levels of risks, due to the potential threats and damage to people, property, and environment. The recent Lac-Mégantic train derailment further drew the world's attention to the safety of hazmat transportation. In the proposed research program, three themes of studies will be conducted to address the management, coordination, and optimization of the hazmat transportation, so that the system risk can be significantly mitigated. ******Theme 1: Bilevel Optimization Models for Controlling the Risk Equity of Hazmat Transportation. Bilevel models recognize the dominant relationships between the participants. More specifically, the upper and lower levels respectively represent the optimization problems of the government and the hazmat carrier. From the perspective of the government, the major concern is to maintain the equity of the spatial distribution of risk, because of the strong public opposition and possible increased severity of exposure levels caused by overloading. The carrier, on the other hand, tries to find the optimal routing and scheduling plan for the hazmat shipments. ******Theme 2: Managing Hazmat Transportation Networks with Stochastic Elements. Uncertainties prevail everywhere. Particularly in transportation, facility processes, travel times, and incident probabilities are all stochastic in nature. When the distributions of these activities vary with the time of day, a more complicated situation arises, which necessitates an in-depth examination of time-dependent stochastic systems. The study will focus on the intermodal networks, starting from the time-invariant case to adaptive time-variant case. The anticipated high computational complexity will require the development of practical solution procedures to find near-optimal solutions in a reasonable time.******Theme 3: Adaptive Decision Support Systems (ADSS) for Post-Event Routing Decisions. Because of the inherent risks, it is crucial to ensure that the hazmat transportation system can effectively and efficiently react to changing conditions, such as extreme weather conditions, traffic accidents, and terrorist attacks. Based on the paradigm of big data, optimization models will be designed to assist post-event routing decisions, where both the risk and cost will be evaluated. The ADSS can be used to assess the flexibility of existing networks and improve the responsiveness of the networks to unexpected events. ******The main purpose of this research program is to gain a better understanding of the existing networks, and to facilitate relevant shareholders to manage the hazmat transportation. The real world data based analyses will provide the transportation industry, such as the Canadian National Railway, the Canadian Pacific Railway, and oil and gas companies, with invaluable insights into improving safety. **

由于对人员、财产和环境造成潜在威胁和损害，危险材料（危险品）运输通常需要大量运输，因此始终伴随着巨大的风险。最近发生的梅甘提克湖列车出轨事件进一步引起了世界对危险品运输安全的关注。在拟议的研究计划中，将开展三个主题的研究，以解决危险品运输的管理、协调和优化问题，从而显着降低系统风险。 ******主题 1：控制危险品运输风险公平的双层优化模型。双层模型认识到参与者之间的主导关系。更具体地说，上层和下层分别代表政府和危险品载体的优化问题。从政府的角度来看，主要关注的是维持风险空间分布的公平性，因为公众的强烈反对以及超载可能导致暴露程度的严重性增加。另一方面，承运人则试图找到危险品运输的最佳路线和调度计划。 ******主题 2：利用随机元素管理危险品运输网络。不确定性无处不在。特别是在运输领域，设施流程、旅行时间和事件概率本质上都是随机的。当这些活动的分布随一天中的时间而变化时，就会出现更复杂的情况，这需要深入研究依赖时间的随机系统。该研究将重点关注联运网络，从时不变情况到自适应时变情况。预期的高计算复杂性将需要开发实用的解决方案程序，以便在合理的时间内找到接近最优的解决方案。******主题 3：用于事后路由决策的自适应决策支持系统 (ADSS)。由于固有的风险，确保危险品运输系统能够有效且高效地应对不断变化的条件（例如极端天气条件、交通事故和恐怖袭击）至关重要。基于大数据范式，将设计优化模型来协助事后路线决策，同时评估风险和成本。 ADSS可用于评估现有网络的灵活性并提高网络对突发事件的响应能力。 ******本研究计划的主要目的是更好地了解现有网络，并方便相关股东管理危险品运输。基于现实世界数据的分析将为加拿大国家铁路、加拿大太平洋铁路以及石油和天然气公司等运输行业提供提高安全性的宝贵见解。 **