Towards Phosphorus Use Efficiency in Wheat; An Interdiciplinary Research

提高小麦的磷利用效率；

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-06260
• 负责人: Navabi, Alireza
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: University of Guelph
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=682020
• 关键词: Towards; Phosphorus; Use; Efficiency; Wheat

The environmental impacts of agriculture have been a major concern among the agricultural and environmental scientific communities. The expansion of agriculture is thought to have resulted in loss of biodiversity, loss of habitat and adverse impact on soil condition. The intensification of agriculture may contribute to environmental pollution by chemical fertilizers and pesticides, degradation of water, and increased energy use. As an example since the 1960s, human use of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer has increased 9 fold, globally, while demand for phosphorus fertilizers has tripled. Therefore, meeting the world's future food security needs, while making progress towards reducing the adverse environmental impacts of agriculture is a global challenge.***Wheat (Triticum asetivum L.) is an important crop, world-wide, and with 1.9 million metric tonnes of annual production in Ontario, an important contributor to Ontario and Canadian economy. Considering that more than 90 % of the wheat crop in Ontario is winter-grown, it therefore plays a very important role as an integral part of the cropping system, in rotation with other crops, which not only offers diversity in the cropping system but also provides soil cover during the winter.***Phosphorus is among the essential and un-substitutable macro-nutrients for plant growth and development, on which crop production is heavily dependent. Phosphorus fertilizers are manufactured from phosphorus rock which is a finite resource, estimated to be depleting, on a global scale, in the next 50 to a maximum of 400 years. Therefore, the need to significantly reduce phosphorus losses and to avert a future phosphorus crisis is an important global concern. Varieties of crops with improved Phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) are believed to make a significant contribution to the sustainable use of phosphorus resources. This project will attempt to take a multi-disciplinary approach to contribute to a better understanding of mechanisms of PUE in wheat. These mechanisms may involve, but are not limited to root structures that increase accusation of phosphorus, root exudates such as phosphatases that assist in mining phosphorus from the sparingly available pools, and improved PUE to produce more dry matter and yield per unit of phosphorus uptake. This research will 1) study and dissect root morphological traits and identify simple and heritable traits influencing higher PUE, 2) develop improved phenotyping strategies for physiological and morphological traits related to PUE, 3) identify superior phenotypes under realistic field conditions with limited phosphorus availability, 4) identify regions in the wheat genome that contribute to an fficient use of phosphorus, and 5) identify and characterize the expression of candidate genes in the identified genomic regions. ********

农业对环境的影响一直是农业和环境科学界关注的一个主要问题。据认为，农业的扩张导致了生物多样性的丧失、生境的丧失和对土壤状况的不利影响。农业的集约化可能会导致化肥和杀虫剂造成的环境污染、水的退化和能源使用的增加。例如，自20世纪60年代以来，全球人类对合成氮肥的使用量增加了9倍，而对磷肥的需求增加了两倍。因此，满足世界未来的粮食安全需求，同时在减少农业对环境的不利影响方面取得进展，是一项全球性挑战。小麦（Triticum asetivum L.）在世界范围内是一种重要的作物，在安大略年产量为190万公吨，是安大略和加拿大经济的重要贡献者。考虑到安大略90%以上的小麦作物是冬季种植的，因此它作为种植系统的一个组成部分发挥着非常重要的作用，与其他作物轮作，不仅提供了种植系统的多样性，而且在冬季提供了土壤覆盖。磷是植物生长发育所必需的、不可替代的宏量营养元素之一，作物生产对磷的依赖性很大。磷肥是由磷矿石制成的，磷矿石是一种有限的资源，估计在未来50到最多400年内，在全球范围内将耗尽。因此，显著减少磷损失和避免未来磷危机的需要是全球关注的重要问题。磷素利用效率（PUE）提高的作物品种被认为对磷资源的可持续利用做出了重大贡献。本项目将尝试采取多学科的方法，有助于更好地了解小麦PUE的机制。这些机制可能涉及，但不限于根结构，增加磷的指控，根分泌物，如磷酸酶，帮助开采磷从有限的可用池，和改善PUE，以产生更多的干物质和产量每单位磷吸收。本研究将1）研究和解剖根形态性状，并确定影响较高PUE的简单和可遗传的性状，2）开发与PUE相关的生理和形态性状的改进表型分析策略，3）在实际田间条件下确定磷有效性有限的上级表型，4）确定小麦基因组中有助于有效利用磷的区域，和5）鉴定和表征所鉴定的基因组区域中候选基因的表达。********