Biodiversity-ecosystem service relationships in spatially heterogeneous, dynamic urban landscapes

空间异质、动态城市景观中的生物多样性-生态系统服务关系

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-07010
• 负责人: Ziter, Carly
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: Concordia University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=682117
• 关键词: Biodiversity; ecosystem; service; relationships; spatially

The current era of unprecedented urban growth has drastically changed ecosystem structure, function, and biodiversity, and consequently the ecosystem services (ES) (or benefits from nature) our health and wellbeing depend on. To create more sustainable cities, we need to identify opportunities to manage urban areas for biodiversity conservation and ES provision. This is particularly urgent in the context of climate change, which will have serious negative effects on urban residents if greater adaptation measures are not taken. However, our ability to manage for multifunctional urban landscapes lags behind our desire to do so, due to our limited understanding of the relationships between landscape structure, biodiversity, and ES at management-relevant scales. Given that conversion to urban land is among the most irreversible and fastest growing forms of global change, we need research that considers interactions among multiple ES and biodiversity in urban areas, while placing these relationships in the appropriate spatial and temporal context.******My students and I will combine synthesis, observational, and modelling approaches within 3 component projects to study interactions among patterns of urban green space and development, biodiversity, and ES in a changing climate using the city of Montreal as a focal case. Our first objective is to measure associations among biodiversity and multiple climate-related services provided by urban green space, forming the baseline of my emerging research program. Our second objective expands this work to consider the influence of landscape structure on biodiversity and ES across spatial scales. We will use a simple model to ask whether landscape configuration drives tradeoffs among biodiversity and ES, and field-based studies to assess the extent to which private management influences biodiversity and ES provision. Our third objective integrates a temporal perspective, considering changes in biodiversity-ES relationships due to climate change. We will use advanced sensor approaches to measure effects of tree canopy cover and diversity on urban air temperature, and develop scenarios to assess how changes in summer heat may alter temperate regulation services.******The proposed objectives advance the growing field of urban landscape ecology, and improve our understanding of the relationship among biodiversity and ES over space and time. In line with our goals to produce solution-oriented research, this work also represents an important step towards developing biodiversity and ES indicators of use to urban planners, managers, and decision-makers in Canadian cities. This research involves collaboration among scientists, managers, and citizens, providing advanced skill development and networking opportunities for undergraduate and graduate trainees. Given the growth of urban ecology research and practice in Canada, students will be prepared for a range of basic science and applied careers.

当前城市空前发展的时代极大地改变了生态系统的结构、功能和生物多样性，从而改变了我们的健康和福祉所依赖的生态系统服务（ES）（或来自自然的益处）。为了创建更加可持续的城市，我们需要寻找管理城市地区的机会，以保护生物多样性和提供环境和社会服务。在气候变化的背景下，这一点尤为紧迫，如果不采取更大的适应措施，将对城市居民产生严重的负面影响。然而，由于我们对景观结构、生物多样性和生态系统在管理相关尺度上的关系了解有限，我们管理多功能城市景观的能力落后于我们的愿望。鉴于向城市土地的转变是全球变化中最不可逆转和增长最快的形式之一，我们需要进行研究，考虑城市地区多种生态系统和生物多样性之间的相互作用，同时将这些关系置于适当的时空背景下。******我和我的学生将在三个组成项目中结合综合、观察和建模方法，研究不断变化的城市绿色空间与发展、生物多样性和生态系统模式之间的相互作用。 以蒙特利尔市为焦点案例的气候。我们的首要目标是衡量生物多样性与城市绿地提供的多种气候相关服务之间的关联，形成我的新兴研究项目的基线。我们的第二个目标扩展了这项工作，以考虑景观结构对跨空间尺度的生物多样性和生态系统的影响。我们将使用一个简单的模型来询问景观配置是否会推动生物多样性和生态环境之间的权衡，并通过实地研究来评估私人管理对生物多样性和生态环境供应的影响程度。我们的第三个目标整合了时间视角，考虑气候变化导致的生物多样性-ES关系的变化。我们将使用先进的传感器方法来测量树冠覆盖和多样性对城市气温的影响，并开发情景来评估夏季热量的变化如何改变温带调节服务。******所提出的目标推动了城市景观生态学领域的不断发展，并提高了我们对生物多样性和 ES 在空间和时间上的关系的理解。根据我们开展以解决方案为导向的研究的目标，这项工作也代表了向加拿大城市的城市规划者、管理者和决策者开发生物多样性和生态系统指标的重要一步。这项研究涉及科学家、管理人员和公民之间的合作，为本科生和研究生学员提供高级技能发展和交流机会。鉴于加拿大城市生态学研究和实践的增长，学生将为一系列基础科学和应用职业做好准备。