How diversified agriculture affects biodiversity-ecosystem service relationships and resource use, dispersal and persistence of key wildlife species

多样化农业如何影响生物多样性-生态系统服务关系以及关键野生动物物种的资源利用、扩散和持久性

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-05759
• 负责人: Kremen, Claire
• 金额: $ 3.42万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=741740
• 关键词: How; diversified; agriculture; affects; biodiversity

RECENT PROGRESS AND LIT. REVIEW: Biodiversity is eroding, and along with it, the capacity to sustain humanity on this planet. Species extinction rates are increasing and even common species are declining in abundance. Both aspects of biodiversity loss are likely to affect the supply of services that species and ecosystems provide to humans. Climate change further exacerbates conditions for both biodiversity and agriculture. Wildlife must move across fragmented landscapes to follow their climate niches, and crops must grow under more variable, extreme and unpredictable weather conditions. For both people and nature, it is critical to develop comprehensive land management strategies that are multi-functional: that sustain production and the ecosystem services that support it, while creating connected landscapes permitting species to adapt to climate change through dispersal. My prior work suggests that agricultural diversification practices (e.g. restoring habitats along field edges; growing polycultures) help achieve these goals; however many gaps remain. OBJECTIVES AND HQP: My long-term vision is to determine whether agricultural diversification practices can simultaneously improve biodiversity and agricultural sustainability outcomes. The short-term objectives of this Discovery Grant program of research are to assess how agricultural diversification practices affect: (1) crop production, ecosystem services directly affecting production (crop pollination, pest control), and the  species providing those services; (2) resource use and persistence by wildlife (bee and bird species); and (3) dispersal of selected bird species. I intend to train a diverse group of ~27 highly qualified personnel (HQP), using equitable and inclusive recruitment and mentoring practices. METHODOLOGY: We will work on 30 farms in the Lower Fraser Valley varying in crop and non-crop diversification. Obj 1. We will survey bee and bird communities and study their efficacy as pollinators of blueberry (bees), and as pests and pest control agents (birds). We will assess the contributions of pollination and pest control services to harvest yields. Obj. 2. We will assess use of crop and non-crop resources by bees and birds across the diversification gradient, using direct observations, pollen analysis and meta-barcoding techniques. Obj. 3. We will follow selected bird species using telemetry and analyze movement patterns relative to farmland diversification. IMPACT: This research is critical for informing agricultural and conservation practices and policies. It provides opportunities for HQP to receive training that positions them competitively to work in government agencies, non-profit conservation or farming organizations, agri-food industries, and academia. It will contribute to  understanding the role of biodiversity in supplying ecosystem services for humanity, and of diversified agriculture in promoting landscape connectivity.

最近的进展和文学评论：生物多样性正在侵蚀，沿着的是，在这个星球上维持人类生存的能力。物种灭绝率正在增加，甚至常见物种的数量也在减少。生物多样性丧失的这两个方面都可能影响物种和生态系统向人类提供的服务。气候变化进一步恶化了生物多样性和农业的条件。野生动物必须跨越支离破碎的景观，以遵循其气候生态位，作物必须在更多变，极端和不可预测的天气条件下生长。对人和自然而言，至关重要的是制定多功能的综合土地管理战略：维持生产和支持生产的生态系统服务，同时创造相互关联的景观，使物种能够通过扩散适应气候变化。我以前的工作表明，农业多样化的做法（例如，恢复栖息地沿着领域的边缘;种植多元文化）有助于实现这些目标，但仍然存在许多差距。 行政人员和HQP：我的长期愿景是确定农业多样化做法是否可以同时改善生物多样性和农业可持续性成果。该研究项目的短期目标是评估农业多样化实践如何影响：（1）作物生产，直接影响生产的生态系统服务（作物授粉，害虫控制），以及提供这些服务的物种;（2）野生动物（蜜蜂和鸟类）的资源使用和持久性;（3）选定鸟类的传播。我打算通过公平和包容的招聘和指导实践，培训一个由约27名高素质人员（HQP）组成的多元化团队。方法：我们将在下弗雷泽山谷的30个农场工作，这些农场的作物和非作物多样化。目标1.我们将调查蜜蜂和鸟类群落，并研究它们作为蓝莓授粉者（蜜蜂）和害虫和害虫控制剂（鸟类）的功效。我们将评估授粉和虫害防治服务对收获产量的贡献。目标2.我们将通过直接观察、花粉分析和元条形码技术，评估蜜蜂和鸟类在多样化梯度中对作物和非作物资源的利用。目标3.我们将使用遥测技术跟踪选定的鸟类，并分析与农田多样化相关的运动模式。影响：这项研究对于为农业和保护实践和政策提供信息至关重要。它为HQP提供了接受培训的机会，使他们有竞争力地在政府机构，非营利保护或农业组织，农业食品行业和学术界工作。它将有助于了解生物多样性在为人类提供生态系统服务方面的作用，以及多样化农业在促进景观连通性方面的作用。