Disentangling Fisheries By-catch: Re-thinking Seabird x Fish x Fisher Interactions

解开渔业副渔获物：重新思考海鸟 x 鱼 x 渔民的相互作用

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-06872
• 负责人: Montevecchi, William
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: Memorial University of Newfoundland
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=682267
• 关键词: Disentangling; Fisheries; catch; Re; thinking

***Non-target bycatch or incidental catch in fishing gear is a global problem that concerns marine conservation biologists and fishers alike. Large vertebrate entanglements impose substantial mortality often reflected at population levels. The most destructive fishing gear to non-target animals is the gillnet, the ubiquitous gear of choice by inshore commercial fishers owing to high catch rates. Each year, hundreds of thousands seabird are drown in gillnets in the North Atlantic, and in Atlantic Canada extensive gillnet fishing in Newfoundland accounts for most seabird bycatch drowning thousands of seabirds [murres, puffins, gannets, shearwaters] on an ongoing annual basis with negative population effects. ******As the northern cod gillnet fishery is re-opening after 25 years of closure, it is opportune time for collaborative research with commercial fishers to address unwanted by-catch problems. This development and the dominance of gillnet fishing throughout northern oceans make it imperative to 1) improve estimates of bycatch mortality, 2) minimize the gear's destructive aspects and 3) consider alternative fishing options. The present application integrates fishery, biological, behavioral and risk/benefit investigations and analyses in experiments that measure and compare target catch and non-target bycatch to test hypotheses about the behavioral and ecological interactions of seabirds, fishes and fishers with different fishing gears. Research objectives are to fill critical bycatch information gaps with different gears [surface and deep-set gillnets, hand-lines], to modify gear with warning flags and lights and manipulate fishing activity [set and soak times] to minimize bycatch without impacting target catch, to compare bycatch, catch and catch quality among gear types, and to assess fishers' behavior, risk and concerns with different gear types. Research objectives will be achieved through five hypothesis-driven projects that fill critical information gaps about bycatch mortality and mitigation, including the unstudied herring gillnet fishery.******The integration of the basic and applied research projects proposed in this Discovery research program will enable a novel interdisciplinary “real world” program of scientific inquiry that will lead the way forward on bycatch mitigation, conservation and sustainable fishing practices. Comparative studies of fishing gear modifications, fishing activity, catch quality, fisher behavior, risk and attitudes, and outreach engagement will provide the next generation of environmental scientists with research and analytical expertise grounded in direct collaboration and onboard experiment with commercial fishers. This program assures successful achievement, evidence-based decision-making, conflict resolution, and future inquiry.

* 渔具中的非目标兼捕或附带渔获物是一个全球性问题，海洋养护生物学家和渔民都感到关切。大型脊椎动物缠绕造成大量死亡，往往反映在人口水平。刺网是对非目标动物最具破坏性的渔具，这是近海商业渔民普遍使用的渔具，因为渔获量高。在北大西洋，每年有数十万只海鸟被刺网淹死，而在加拿大大西洋沿岸，纽芬兰省广泛的刺网捕鱼造成了大多数海鸟副渔获物，每年都有数千只海鸟[海鸦、海雀、塘鹅、剪尾鸥]被淹死，对种群造成负面影响。** 由于北方鳕鱼刺网渔业在关闭25年后重新开放，现在是与商业渔民合作研究解决不想要的副渔获物问题的适当时机。刺网捕鱼的这种发展和在整个北方海洋的支配地位使得必须：（1）改进对副渔获物死亡率的估计;（2）尽量减少渔具的破坏性;（3）考虑其他捕鱼选择。本申请综合了渔业、生物、行为和风险/效益调查，并在实验中进行分析，测量和比较目标渔获物和非目标副渔获物，以检验关于海鸟、鱼类和渔民使用不同渔具的行为和生态相互作用的假设。研究目标是填补关于不同渔具[表层和深层刺网、手钓]的重要兼捕信息空白，用警告旗和灯修改渔具，操纵捕鱼活动[设定和浸泡时间]，在不影响目标渔获量的情况下尽量减少兼捕，比较不同渔具类型的兼捕、渔获物和渔获物质量，评估渔民使用不同渔具类型的行为、风险和关切。研究目标将通过五个假设驱动的项目来实现，这些项目填补了关于兼捕死亡率和减轻措施的关键信息空白，包括未经研究的鲱鱼刺网渔业。在这个发现研究计划中提出的基础和应用研究项目的整合将使一个新的跨学科的“真实的世界”的科学探究计划，这将导致在减少副渔获物，保护和可持续捕捞方法的前进道路。渔具改造、捕捞活动、渔获质量、渔民行为、风险和态度以及外联活动的比较研究将为下一代环境科学家提供基于与商业渔民直接合作和船上实验的研究和分析专业知识。该计划确保成功的成就，基于证据的决策，解决冲突和未来的调查。