Nitrogen oxide and radical reservoir species in the troposphere
对流层中的氮氧化物和自由基储存物种
基本信息
- 批准号:RGPIN-2016-03849
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 2.19万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:加拿大
- 项目类别:Discovery Grants Program - Individual
- 财政年份:2019
- 资助国家:加拿大
- 起止时间:2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
The goal of this research program is to improve the scientific understanding of chemical processes in the troposphere (the lowest layer of the atmosphere) that control the abundances of ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA), which in high concentration adversely affect human health and the Earth's climate. ***Tropospheric O3 production occurs through photo-oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOC) via the NOx (=NO+NO2) and HOx (=OH+HO2) catalytic radical chains. This research program seeks to remove uncertainties in the production, removal, and transport (in the form of reservoir species) of NOx and HOx radicals. Alkyl nitrates (organic compounds containing the -ONO2 group) are critical in this context because they act either as reservoir species, temporarily storing NOx and redistributing it around the globe, or as NOx sinks, permanently removing it through hydrolysis to nitric acid, a major component of acid rain. Because alkyl nitrates are less volatile than their VOC precursors, their formation is also linked to SOA growth. However, many details have not been worked out (e.g., air-water partitioning coefficients), in particular for alkyl nitrates derived from biogenic VOC.*** *** *** ***We will accomplish our research objectives through novel, one-of-a-kind analytical methods and conduct laboratory experiments to investigate the chemistry of organic nitrates and of free radicals and their reservoir species, including nitrous acid, organic peroxy radicals, and chlorine nitrate (ClNO3). We will use methods pioneered in my lab, e.g., cavity ring-down and cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy, to systematically study alkyl nitrates derived from both anthropogenic and biogenic sources. Specifically, we will measure their yields in reactions between RO2 with NO () and unsaturated VOCs with NO3, determine their Henry's law constants, quantify the amount of NOx recycled when they are reacted with OH radicals (), and measure their aerosol uptake parameters (). We will also investigate heterogeneous photo-oxidation processes which are considerably altered by photosensitizers such as the only recently recognized imidazoles. Results from these laboratory studies will be parameterized for incorporation into atmospheric models.***In addition, we will construct a peroxy-radical chemical amplifier (PERCA) to detect peroxide explosives. These are readily synthesized using household chemicals but currently escape trace vapor detection by routine methods.***The information that this research program will provide will allow policy makers and stakeholders to make more informed decisions on pollution control strategies. The benefits to Canadians will be the training of experts to assist in this process. A reduction of environmental impacts of anthropogenic activities will have economic benefits to society though improved health and a reduced climate impact.**
这项研究计划的目标是提高对对流层(大气的最低层)中控制臭氧(O3)和二次有机气溶胶(SOA)丰度的化学过程的科学认识,高浓度的臭氧和有机气溶胶会对人类健康和地球气候产生不利影响。***对流层O3的产生是通过NOx (=NO+NO2)和HOx (=OH+HO2)催化自由基链对挥发性有机化合物(VOC)进行光氧化。该研究项目旨在消除NOx和HOx自由基的产生、去除和运输(以储层形式)中的不确定性。烷基硝酸盐(含有-ONO2基团的有机化合物)在这种情况下至关重要,因为它们要么作为储层,暂时储存氮氧化物并将其重新分配到全球各地,要么作为氮氧化物的水槽,通过水解成硝酸(酸雨的主要成分)将其永久清除。因为烷基硝酸盐比它们的VOC前体挥发性更低,所以它们的形成也与SOA的增长有关。然而,许多细节尚未得到解决(例如,空气-水分配系数),特别是来自生物挥发性有机化合物的烷基硝酸盐。*** *** *** ***我们将通过新颖的、独一无二的分析方法来完成我们的研究目标,并进行实验室实验来研究有机硝酸盐和自由基及其储层的化学性质,包括亚硝酸、有机过氧自由基和硝酸氯(ClNO3)。我们将使用我的实验室开创的方法,例如,腔衰荡和腔增强吸收光谱,系统地研究来自人为和生物来源的烷基硝酸盐。具体而言,我们将测量它们在RO2与NO()和不饱和VOCs与NO3反应时的产率,确定它们的亨利定律常数,量化它们与OH自由基反应时的NOx回收量(),测量它们的气溶胶吸收参数()。我们还将研究非均相光氧化过程,这些过程被光敏剂(如最近才发现的咪唑)大大改变。这些实验室研究的结果将被参数化,以便纳入大气模式。***此外,我们将构建一个过氧自由基化学放大器(PERCA)来检测过氧化物炸药。它们很容易用家用化学品合成,但目前无法用常规方法检测痕量蒸汽。该研究项目将提供的信息将使政策制定者和利益相关者能够在污染控制策略方面做出更明智的决定。对加拿大人的好处将是培训专家来协助这一进程。通过改善健康和减少气候影响,减少人为活动对环境的影响将给社会带来经济效益
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Osthoff, Hans其他文献
Osthoff, Hans的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Osthoff, Hans', 18)}}的其他基金
Tropospheric nitrogen oxides in the Anthropocene: Interfacial chemistry and novel analytical methods for quantification of organic nitrates and atmospheric radicals
人类世中的对流层氮氧化物:界面化学和定量有机硝酸盐和大气自由基的新分析方法
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2022-03128 - 财政年份:2022
- 资助金额:
$ 2.19万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Nitrogen oxide and radical reservoir species in the troposphere
对流层中的氮氧化物和自由基储存物种
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2016-03849 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 2.19万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Nitrogen oxide and radical reservoir species in the troposphere
对流层中的氮氧化物和自由基储存物种
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2016-03849 - 财政年份:2020
- 资助金额:
$ 2.19万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Quantification of trace level NOx in a hydrocarbon matrix by cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy**
通过腔增强吸收光谱定量碳氢化合物基质中的痕量氮氧化物**
- 批准号:
536879-2018 - 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:
$ 2.19万 - 项目类别:
Engage Grants Program
Nitrogen oxide and radical reservoir species in the troposphere
对流层中的氮氧化物和自由基储存物种
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2016-03849 - 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:
$ 2.19万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Nitrogen oxide and radical reservoir species in the troposphere
对流层中的氮氧化物和自由基储存物种
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2016-03849 - 财政年份:2017
- 资助金额:
$ 2.19万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Measurement of NO2 with the PhoNO photolytic converter system
使用 PhoNO 光解转换器系统测量 NO2
- 批准号:
515261-2017 - 财政年份:2017
- 资助金额:
$ 2.19万 - 项目类别:
Engage Grants Program
Nitrogen oxide and radical reservoir species in the troposphere
对流层中的氮氧化物和自由基储存物种
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2016-03849 - 财政年份:2016
- 资助金额:
$ 2.19万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Elucidating the atmospheric chemistry of organic nitrates and reactive halogens in laboratory experiments and in ambient air
阐明实验室实验和环境空气中有机硝酸盐和活性卤素的大气化学
- 批准号:
355607-2011 - 财政年份:2015
- 资助金额:
$ 2.19万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Elucidating the atmospheric chemistry of organic nitrates and reactive halogens in laboratory experiments and in ambient air
阐明实验室实验和环境空气中有机硝酸盐和活性卤素的大气化学
- 批准号:
355607-2011 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 2.19万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
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Nitrogen oxide and radical reservoir species in the troposphere
对流层中的氮氧化物和自由基储存物种
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2016-03849 - 财政年份:2021
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$ 2.19万 - 项目类别:
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$ 2.19万 - 项目类别:
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Nitrogen oxide and radical reservoir species in the troposphere
对流层中的氮氧化物和自由基储存物种
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2016-03849 - 财政年份:2017
- 资助金额:
$ 2.19万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Nitrogen oxide and radical reservoir species in the troposphere
对流层中的氮氧化物和自由基储存物种
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2016-03849 - 财政年份:2016
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