Developing a hybrid experimental-computational framework for designing optimized surgical solutions

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Despite decades of studies, we still can't quantify precisely how ligaments in human knees contribute to joint motion and stability. Unfortunately, this lack of knowledge hinders efforts to understand healthy joint biomechanics, or predict the effects of disease, injury, and repair. Using experimental techniques, it is impossible for us to repeatedly remove, reinstall, or relocate ligaments in order to parametrically analyze their roles in joint biomechanics. On the other hand, computational models (which readily facilitate parametric analyses) present limitations with respect to an accurate portrayal of the entire joint (including cartilage and meniscus). ******The long-term goal of the PI's research program is to create fundamental knowledge about the structural biomechanics of joints, achieved using hybrid experimental-computational techniques that synergistically combine the strengths of experimental and computational approaches, while overcoming their individual weaknesses. The short-term (five year) goal of this research program is to better understand how ligaments contribute to normal knee joint biomechanics using parametric analyses with an innovative hybrid joint testing technique where real knee joints are stabilized and guided by computer-simulated and fully parametric virtual ligaments. The kinematics, wrapping paths and force contributions of these virtual ligaments will be computed in real time using a parallel computational model, and incorporated back into a robotic system controlling the motion of the real joint. Such closed-loop experimental-computational analysis and simulation of joint behavior, including virtual ligament wrapping, has never been demonstrated. This goal will be achieved through the completion of two specific aims, first focusing on characterization of knee ligament force-elongation and wrapping behaviors during normal knee motions, and then development of a computer model for accurate virtualization of knee ligaments during in vitro biomechanics experiments.******The outcomes of this research will include new fundamental knowledge of knee ligament biomechanics, new techniques for hybrid joint modelling, and a novel platform that can be applied to studies of knee injury, repair, and surgical innovation. The outcomes of this research will impact upon natural science and engineering research focused on an enhanced understanding of the biomechanics of all human joints, and will lay a foundation for future research in hybrid experimental-computational techniques. There will also be an impact upon clinical research focused on improving care of patients undergoing knee surgeries. Finally, the interdisciplinary training opportunities provided to highly qualified personnel involved with this research are entirely unique, and the skills and expertise HQP develop will be valuable assets for future careers in industry and academia.