Novel Orbital Debris Protection of Spacecraft

新型航天器轨道碎片保护

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-06050
• 负责人: Telichev, Igor
• 金额: $ 2.33万
• 依托单位: University of Manitoba
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=684371
• 关键词: Novel; Orbital; Debris; Protection; Spacecraft

Orbital debris poses a significant threat to space flight safety - even small particles can damage, degrade, or destroy spacecraft due to the very high velocities involved in a collision, which average about 9 km/s. The purpose of the proposed research program is to pursue research efforts in the field of Micrometeoroid and Orbital Debris (MMOD). ***There has been a dramatic rise in the density of orbital debris and this represents an ever-growing destructive threat to Canadian space assets. This is a strategic and economic concern for Canada due to the importance of these assets and the high cost associated with their manufacture and deployment. Due to the size of investments (such as $110 million dollar contract for the RADARSAT Constellation Mission program), Canadian Space Agency (CSA) has identified new defensive technologies as a key strategic priority for the Canadian space sector. Methods for debris impact modeling (which will include material, geometrical, and numerical models) need to be advanced in order to allow satellite vendors to investigate new shield configurations and predict their performance under impact stress. This will allow production of more durable space vehicles with longer lifespans that will ultimately prolong the functional duration of future Canadian space missions to the benefit of all Canadians.***The primary objective of this research program is to improve our understanding of MMOD impact processes. In so doing, it is expected to develop more accurate models of impact behavior which would be invaluable to satellite community to develop improved shielding and more durable satellite component designs. Considering the complex nature of hypervelocity impact phenomena and the variety of possible protection solutions, this work will require a combination of numerical and experimental study of hypervelocity impact on shield configurations to fully understand the physical processes and show the accuracy of the simulation models and methods used. The proposed program will address the protection of general spacecraft equipment, and will additionally focus on protection of composite overwrapped pressure vessels. When a pressure vessel fails explosively due to the loss of structural integrity from an impact of space debris, it can cause major damage to the equipment and a considerable amount of new space debris is created. HQP will be involved in all aspects of the work, including physical experiments and detailed numerical model development. HQP will also have the opportunity to interact with experienced satellite engineers to gain a better appreciation of the practical concerns faced by the industry with respect to satellite design. In addition to new HQP, Canadian space sector will benefit from the research outcomes of the proposed program, which will impact future satellite designs and increase their competitiveness within the industry.

轨道碎片对太空飞行安全构成重大威胁——即使是很小的颗粒也会损坏、退化或摧毁航天器，因为碰撞涉及的速度非常高，平均约为9公里/秒。提出的研究计划的目的是在微流星体和轨道碎片（MMOD）领域开展研究工作。***轨道碎片的密度急剧增加，这对加拿大空间资产构成了日益严重的破坏性威胁。由于这些资产的重要性以及与制造和部署相关的高成本，这是加拿大的战略和经济问题。由于投资规模（如1.1亿美元的RADARSAT星座任务计划合同），加拿大航天局（CSA）已将新的防御技术确定为加拿大空间部门的关键战略优先事项。碎片冲击建模方法（包括材料模型、几何模型和数值模型）需要得到改进，以便卫星供应商能够研究新的屏蔽结构并预测其在冲击应力下的性能。这将使生产寿命更长、更耐用的空间飞行器成为可能，最终将延长加拿大未来空间任务的功能持续时间，造福所有加拿大人。***本研究计划的主要目标是提高我们对MMOD影响过程的理解。在这样做的过程中，预期将发展出更准确的撞击行为模型，这对卫星界开发更好的屏蔽和更耐用的卫星部件设计将是非常宝贵的。考虑到超高速撞击现象的复杂性和各种可能的保护方案，这项工作将需要将超高速撞击对屏蔽结构的数值和实验研究相结合，以充分了解物理过程，并显示所使用的模拟模型和方法的准确性。拟议的项目将解决一般航天器设备的保护问题，并将额外关注复合材料包覆压力容器的保护。当压力容器因空间碎片撞击而失去结构完整性而发生爆炸时，可能会对设备造成重大损坏，并产生相当数量的新空间碎片。HQP将参与所有方面的工作，包括物理实验和详细的数值模型开发。HQP还将有机会与经验丰富的卫星工程师进行互动，以更好地了解卫星设计行业所面临的实际问题。除了新的HQP之外，加拿大航天部门还将从拟议项目的研究成果中受益，这将影响未来的卫星设计并提高其在行业内的竞争力。