Improved Greenhouse Gas Mitigation for Manure Storage Systems in Cold Climates

农场粪便管理是现代畜牧业面临的最重大的环境挑战之一。有效地容纳和处理粪肥对于尽量减少点源和非点源水污染的危害以及满足更严格的空气质量标准至关重要。在储存粪便的过程中，包括氨、甲烷和一氧化二氮在内的几种有害气体会释放到大气中。这些气体是温室气体的直接和间接来源，可导致全球气候变化。液体粪便系统的厌氧特性也增加了其产生气味的潜力。因此，需要制定和测试管理战略，以支持减少这些储存的气体排放，同时也考虑到可能存在的任何可能的权衡效应。***本研究项目的目标是量化粪便储存产生的多种气体的排放，并制定减少排放的策略，同时研究具体的权衡问题。在未来五年内，我们将通过这个新颖的多学科研究项目培养3名博士，4名硕士，2名博士后，2名研究技术人员和至少10名本科生研究助理。利用独特和最先进的研究设施，我们将同时量化不同管理系统的排放量，这将允许针对加拿大气候条件制定农场级建议。该研究项目还将支持开发和测试一些相关的、适应性强的“有益管理实践”，这些实践可用于支持粪肥管理实践规范、养分/粪肥管理规划建议和环境农场规划考虑。***通过这项研究计划，我们将确定排空和填充粪便/泥浆储存的过程；固体-液体分离粪便和粪便厌氧消化产生的排放物。我们还将利用这些发现来改进粪便储存产生的温室气体和氨排放的模型估计，特别是在寒冷气候条件下。这将提供新的知识和重大发现，将温室气体、氨和粪便储存设施的气味排放联系起来，并将对加拿大维持其在可持续农业生产方面的声誉的能力产生重大影响，并支持对我们农业部门温室气体排放的更准确估计。******************

On-farm manure management is one of the most significant environmental challenges facing modern livestock agriculture. Containing and treating manure in an efficient manner is essential to minimize the hazards of both point and non-point source water pollution and also meet more stringent air quality standards. During the storage of manure, several undesirable gases including ammonia, methane and nitrous oxide can be released into the atmosphere. These gases represent both direct and in-direct sources of greenhouse gases which can contribute to global climate change. The anaerobic nature of liquid manure systems also increases its potential for odour production. Management strategies therefore need to be developed and tested which support the mitigation of these gas emissions from storages while also considering any possible trade-off effects that may exist.***The objectives of this research program are to quantify emissions of multiple gases emanating from manure storages and develop strategies for their reduction while also examining specific tradeoff issues. Over the next five-years we will train 3 PhD, 4 MSc, 2 Post Doctoral Fellows, 2 research technicians and at least 10 undergraduate research assistants through this novel and multi-disciplinary research program. Utilizing a unique and state-of-the-art research facility we will quantify emissions from different management systems simultaneously which will allow for the development of farm-level recommendations for Canadian climatic conditions. This research program will also support the development and testing of a number of relevant and adaptive Beneficial Management Practices' that can be utilized to support manure management codes of practice, nutrient/manure management planning recommendations and environmental farm planning considerations.***Through this research program we will define processes driving emissions from the emptying and filling of manure/slurry storages; solid-liquid separated manure and emissions from the anaerobic digestion of manure. We will also utilize these findings to improve model estimates of greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions from manure storages, especially in cold climate conditions. This will provide new knowledge and significant discoveries linking greenhouse gas, ammonia and odour emissions from manure storage facilities and will have a significant impact on Canada's ability to maintain its reputation in sustainable agriculture production and also support more accurate estimates of the greenhouse gas emissions from our agriculture sector.******************