Assessing gaseous emissions from swine manure storage systems utilizing different cover technologies for cold climates

农家肥管理是现代畜牧业面临的最重大的环境挑战之一。以经济和有效的方式控制和处理粪肥对于尽量减少点源和非点源水污染的危害以及遵守更严格的空气质量标准至关重要。在粪肥的储存过程中，可能会释放出几种不良气体，包括氨、甲烷和一氧化二氮。液体粪肥系统的厌氧性质也增加了其产生气味的可能性。已经提出了几种管理战略，以尽可能减少粪肥储存的气体排放。这些措施包括各种类型的表面覆盖物（合成和生物）、粪肥固液分离、改变粪肥中的垫料和利用机械通风技术。一般而言，很少有人试图在重复的条件下评估这些备选办法所实现的减排。这在加拿大经历的寒冷气候条件下尤其缺乏。与粪肥气体损失有关的另一个挑战是，影响排放的许多因素往往因所涉气体而异。因此，必须同时进行排放监测，以正确地建立权衡缓解战略之前，他们在农场一级的实施。 本研究计划的目标是同时评估几种粪肥储存技术的气体排放，以确定储存覆盖系统在温暖和寒冷季节提供的缓解效率。

On-farm manure management is one of the most significant environmental challenges facing modern livestock agriculture. Containing and treating manure in an economical and efficient manner is essential to minimize the hazards of both point and non-point source water pollution and also adhere to more stringent air quality standards. During the storage of manure, several undesirable gases including ammonia, methane and nitrous oxide can be released. The anaerobic nature of liquid manure systems also increases its potential for odour production. Several management strategies have been suggested to possibly diminish gaseous emissions from manure storages. These include various types of surface covers (synthetic and biological), manure solid-liquid separation, altering the bedding material in the manure and utilizing mechanical aeration technology. In general few attempts have been made to evaluate, under replicated conditions, emissions reductions achieved with these options. This is especially lacking for colder climate conditions experienced in Canada. An additional challenge associated with gaseous losses from manure is that many factors that influence emissions often differ depending on the gas in question. As a result simultaneous emissions monitoring must be performed to correctly establish trade-off mitigation strategies prior to their implemention at the farm-level.      The objectives of this research program will be to simultaneously assess gaseous emissions from several manure storage technologies in an attempt to determine mitigation efficiencies offered by storage cover systems for both warm and cold seasons.