Mechanisms of Transgenerational immunity in Caenhabdoritis elegans in response to microsporidia infection

秀丽隐杆线虫响应微孢子虫感染的跨代免疫机制

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-06406
• 负责人: Reinke, Aaron
• 金额: $ 2.99万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=688303
• 关键词: Mechanisms; Transgenerational; immunity; Caenhabdoritis; elegans

Animals are in an evolutionary arms races with the pathogens that infect them. These pathogens exert extreme pressure on the host organisms they infect resulting in the evolution of immunity pathways that hosts use to defend themselves. Some animals are able to pass this immunity to their offspring in a process known as transgenerational immunity. This adaptive-like response allows the progeny from infected parents to be resistant to the pathogen that infected their parents. This phenomenon has been observed in a diversity of animal species including butterflies, shrimp and beetles, but the mechanisms of how this process works are mostly unknown. ******We will study this process using the simple invertebrate roundworm C. elegans. The pathogen we will study is a common and naturally occurring fungal parasite that grows inside of the intestinal cells of the worm. This pathogen, N. parisii, belongs to a group of pathogens called microsporidia. Microsporidia are a large group of pathogens that infect virtually all types of animals including many agriculturally important species such as honeybees, fish, and shrimp. We will study how this parasite infects this worm and characterize how infection in the intestine of the animal allows for the generation of progeny that are resistant to infection. We will also determine how this immunity is providing resistance against the infection by identifying and characterizing the genes that the worm uses to inhibit the growth of the pathogen.******This research will elucidate mechanisms of the wide spread epigenetic phenomenon of transgenerational immunity. These studies will further our understanding of how animals are able to defend themselves against pathogens. Additionally, these studies will lead to new insights into microsporidia pathogenesis. Finally, this work will shed light into how the environment of parents can contribute to the phenotypes observed in offspring.********

动物正处于与感染它们的病原体的进化军备竞赛中。这些病原体对它们感染的宿主生物施加极大的压力，导致宿主用来自卫的免疫途径的进化。一些动物能够将这种免疫力传递给它们的后代，这一过程被称为跨代免疫。这种适应性反应使受感染父母的后代对感染父母的病原体具有抵抗力。这种现象在包括蝴蝶、虾和甲虫在内的各种动物中都观察到了，但这个过程的机制大多还不清楚。*我们将使用简单的无脊椎动物线虫来研究这一过程。我们将研究的病原体是一种常见的自然发生的真菌寄生虫，它生长在蠕虫的肠道细胞内。这种病原体，n.parisii，属于一组称为微孢子虫的病原体。微孢子虫是一大群病原体，几乎感染所有类型的动物，包括许多农业上重要的物种，如蜜蜂、鱼和虾。我们将研究这种寄生虫是如何感染这种蠕虫的，并描述动物肠道感染如何允许产生对感染具有抵抗力的后代。我们还将通过鉴定和表征蠕虫用来抑制病原体生长的基因来确定这种免疫如何提供对感染的抵抗力。*这项研究将阐明跨代免疫的广泛表观遗传现象的机制。这些研究将进一步加深我们对动物如何防御病原体的理解。此外，这些研究将为微孢子虫的发病机制带来新的见解。最后，这项工作将阐明父母的环境如何影响在后代中观察到的表型。