Resilient Reinforced Masonry Buildings: Risk-based System-level Seismic Design Approaches

最近世界各地的地震表明，尽管现代建筑设计规范在限制新建筑死亡人数方面基本上取得了成功，但它们在限制社会经济成本方面几乎没有做什么。智利（2010年）、新西兰（2011年）和日本（2011年）的地震都造成了严重的损失，动摇了国家经济和心理。正如受灾社区的人们所经历的那样，满足建筑规范意图的建筑物在地震后可能不安全，拆除这些建筑物可能比修复它们更经济。根据加拿大保险局2013年委托的一份报告，加拿大大部分建筑物将在大地震中遭受严重破坏或完全倒塌。预计魁北克市-蒙特利尔-渥太华走廊的大地震将造成600多亿加元的损失，如果不列颠哥伦比亚省发生大地震，将造成近750亿加元的损失。拟议研究计划的三个相互关联的重点领域旨在开发弹性配筋砌体（RM）建筑系统，这些系统将在重大地震事件后受到有限或易于修复的损坏。重点领域一将涉及先进的混合（计算机建模与实时物理测试相结合）模拟RM剪力墙与损伤容限边界元素建造的建筑物。这一重点领域将有助于量化组件级（单墙）设计特征与影响整体建筑抗震性能的不同系统级（完整建筑）方面之间的相互作用。重点领域II将包括利用振动台设备在不同地震要求水平下测试完整的受控摇摆RM建筑物。该领域的研究将为控制摇摆墙提供系统级的性能验证数据。重点领域三的目标是开发概率风险评估分析工具，以便于量化不同级别地震事件后RM建筑物的复原力。1300亿加元的加拿大建筑市场是加拿大建筑业不可或缺的一部分，该行业雇用了100多万人，消耗了该国40%的能源和50%的主要资源。这个市场需要用于低层和中层建筑的弹性系统，类似于将在拟议的研究计划中开发的创新解决方案。通过采用这种创新的建筑系统并将其与基于风险的设计方法相结合，加拿大的基础设施复原力将得到显著改善，加拿大社区在遭受自然灾害时将获得经济、安全和低风险的建筑。http://assets.ibc.ca/Documents/Studies/IBC-EQ-Study-Summary.pdf

Recent earthquakes worldwide have demonstrated that, although modern building design codes have generally succeeded in their intent of limiting fatalities in new construction, they have done little to limit socioeconomic costs. The earthquakes in Chile (2010), New Zealand (2011), and Japan (2011) all caused severe losses that shook the national economies and psyches. As people in affected communities have experienced, buildings that satisfy the intent of the building code may not be safe to occupy after the earthquake, and it may be more economical to demolish these buildings than to repair them. According to a 2013 report* commissioned by the Insurance Bureau of Canada, a substantial portion of Canada's building stock will experience severe damage or complete collapse during a major earthquake. It is expected that a major earthquake in the Quebec City-Montreal-Ottawa corridor will result in losses of more than C$60 billion, and nearly C$75 billion if a major earthquake were to occur in British Columbia. The three interrelated focus areas of the proposed research program are designed to develop resilient reinforced masonry (RM) building systems that will experience limited or easy-to-repair damage following major seismic events. Focus Area I will involve advanced hybrid (computer modelling combined with real-time physical testing) simulation of buildings constructed of RM shear wall with damage-tolerant boundary elements. This focus area will facilitate quantifying the interaction between component-level (individual wall) design characteristics and different system-level (complete building) aspects influencing the overall building seismic performance. Focus Area II will include testing complete controlled-rocking RM buildings under different levels of seismic demands utilizing shake table equipment. The research in this area will provide proof-of-performance data for controlled-rocking walls at the system level. Focus Area III will aim at developing probabilistic risk assessment analysis tools in order to facilitate quantification of RM building resilience following different levels of seismic events. The $130 billion Canadian building market is an integral part of Canada's construction industry, which employs over a million people, and consumes 40% of the country's energy and 50% of its primary resources. This market is in need of resilient systems for the low- and mid-rise building segments similar to the innovative solutions that will be developed in the proposed research program. By adopting and integrating such innovative building systems with risk-based design approaches, Canada's infrastructure resilience will be significantly improved and Canadian communities will be provided with economical, safe and low-risk buildings when subjected to natural hazards.****http://assets.ibc.ca/Documents/Studies/IBC-EQ-Study-Summary.pdf