Resilient Reinforced Masonry Buildings: Risk-based System-level Seismic Design Approaches

最近世界各地发生的地震表明，尽管现代建筑设计规范在限制新建筑死亡人数方面总体上取得了成功，但在限制社会经济成本方面却收效甚微。智利（2010年）、新西兰（2011年）和日本（2011年）的地震都造成了严重的损失，动摇了国民的经济和心理。正如受灾社区的人们所经历的那样，地震后居住在符合建筑规范意图的建筑物可能并不安全，拆除这些建筑物可能比修复它们更经济。根据加拿大保险局2013年委托发布的一份报告*，在大地震期间，加拿大相当一部分建筑将遭受严重破坏或完全倒塌。预计在魁北克-蒙特利尔-渥太华走廊发生大地震将造成600多亿加元的损失，如果在不列颠哥伦比亚省发生大地震，将造成近750亿加元的损失。拟议研究计划的三个相互关联的重点领域旨在开发具有弹性的增强砌体（RM）建筑系统，这些系统将在重大地震事件后遭受有限或易于修复的损坏。重点领域I将涉及先进的混合（计算机建模与实时物理测试相结合）模拟具有损伤容忍度边界元素的RM剪力墙建筑。这一重点领域将有助于量化构件级（单个墙体）设计特征与影响整体建筑抗震性能的不同系统级（完整建筑）方面之间的相互作用。重点区域II将包括使用振动台设备在不同级别的地震要求下测试完整的可控摇摆RM建筑。该领域的研究将在系统层面为可控摇摆壁提供性能证明数据。重点领域III将致力于开发概率风险评估分析工具，以便在不同级别的地震事件后量化RM建筑弹性。加拿大1300亿美元的建筑市场是加拿大建筑业的重要组成部分，该行业雇佣了100多万人，消耗了该国40%的能源和50%的初级资源。这个市场需要适用于低层和中层建筑的弹性系统，类似于将在拟议的研究计划中开发的创新解决方案。通过采用这种创新的建筑系统并将其与基于风险的设计方法相结合，加拿大的基础设施恢复能力将得到显著提高，加拿大社区将在遭受自然灾害时提供经济、安全和低风险的建筑。****http://assets.ibc.ca/Documents/Studies/IBC-EQ-Study-Summary.pdf

Recent earthquakes worldwide have demonstrated that, although modern building design codes have generally succeeded in their intent of limiting fatalities in new construction, they have done little to limit socioeconomic costs. The earthquakes in Chile (2010), New Zealand (2011), and Japan (2011) all caused severe losses that shook the national economies and psyches. As people in affected communities have experienced, buildings that satisfy the intent of the building code may not be safe to occupy after the earthquake, and it may be more economical to demolish these buildings than to repair them. According to a 2013 report* commissioned by the Insurance Bureau of Canada, a substantial portion of Canada's building stock will experience severe damage or complete collapse during a major earthquake. It is expected that a major earthquake in the Quebec City-Montreal-Ottawa corridor will result in losses of more than C$60 billion, and nearly C$75 billion if a major earthquake were to occur in British Columbia. The three interrelated focus areas of the proposed research program are designed to develop resilient reinforced masonry (RM) building systems that will experience limited or easy-to-repair damage following major seismic events. Focus Area I will involve advanced hybrid (computer modelling combined with real-time physical testing) simulation of buildings constructed of RM shear wall with damage-tolerant boundary elements. This focus area will facilitate quantifying the interaction between component-level (individual wall) design characteristics and different system-level (complete building) aspects influencing the overall building seismic performance. Focus Area II will include testing complete controlled-rocking RM buildings under different levels of seismic demands utilizing shake table equipment. The research in this area will provide proof-of-performance data for controlled-rocking walls at the system level. Focus Area III will aim at developing probabilistic risk assessment analysis tools in order to facilitate quantification of RM building resilience following different levels of seismic events. The $130 billion Canadian building market is an integral part of Canada's construction industry, which employs over a million people, and consumes 40% of the country's energy and 50% of its primary resources. This market is in need of resilient systems for the low- and mid-rise building segments similar to the innovative solutions that will be developed in the proposed research program. By adopting and integrating such innovative building systems with risk-based design approaches, Canada's infrastructure resilience will be significantly improved and Canadian communities will be provided with economical, safe and low-risk buildings when subjected to natural hazards.****http://assets.ibc.ca/Documents/Studies/IBC-EQ-Study-Summary.pdf