Phylogenetics, biogeography, and evolution of fishes

鱼类的系统发育学、生物地理学和进化

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-06221
• 负责人: Lovejoy, Nathan
• 金额: $ 3.21万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=688801
• 关键词: Phylogenetics; biogeography; evolution; fishes

The central focus of my research program is to investigate evolutionary patterns and processes of biodiversity in fishes. I use phylogenetic trees as invaluable tools for understanding taxonomy and species diversity, the effects of geography and paleogeography on lineage diversity, macroevolutionary consequences of shifts between habitat types, and adaptive evolutionary change in novel anatomical systems. In the work proposed here, my research group will infer phylogenetic relationships for two groups of fishes: the drum (Sciaenidae) and the Neotropical electric knifefishes (Gymnotiformes). Phylogenetic trees for these groups will form a basis for understanding the evolution of aquatic habitat transitions, and the evolution of electricity as a sensory modality.****The drum (Sciaendiae) are a globally-distributed family of fishes that are mainly marine, but include endemic freshwater species in North America, South America, and Asia. These fishes are an excellent model system for studying the evolution of transitions between marine and freshwater habitats. To reconstruct the evolutionary history of drum, we will build a phylogenetic tree using targeted sequence capture and next-generation DNA sequencing to sample approximately 1000 genes. We will use the phylogeny to test hypotheses about how marine to freshwater habitat transitions alter lineage and morphological diversification patterns. We will also leverage the large amounts of collected DNA sequence data to examine the evolution of genes involved in osmoregulation and visual adaptation to new environments. This research will illuminate how transitions between habitats affect evolution at large spatial and temporal scales.****The electric knifefishes (Gymnotiformes) are an order of neotropical fishes that use electricity for communication and navigation. Because their electric sigals are amenable to quantification and analysis, gymnotiforms are an important model system for neurobiology and behavioural studies. However, evolutionary relationships among gymnotiform species are poorly understood. My lab will reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of this group by using targeted sequence capture. Using a large library of communication signal data accumulated over the past decade, we will test the hypothesis that natural selection to avoid mismating drives evolution of signal divergence. Using genetic data produced by sequence capture, we will examine rates and patterns of evolution in genes associated with electric signal production. This work will clarify how communication signals evolve, and provide a framework for a variety of long-term studies on this important group of fishes.****This research will provide training for undergraduate and graduate students in biodiversity, molecular systematics, and evolutionary biology, and will contribute to fundamental knowledge of evolutionary patterns and processes.**

我的研究计划的中心重点是调查鱼类生物多样性的进化模式和过程。我使用系统发育树作为理解分类学和物种多样性的宝贵工具，地理和古地理对谱系多样性的影响，栖息地类型之间的变化的宏观进化后果，以及新的解剖系统的适应性进化变化。在这里提出的工作中，我的研究小组将推断两组鱼类的系统发育关系：鼓（石首鱼科）和新热带区电刀鱼（裸形目）。这些群体的系统发育树将为理解水生栖息地过渡的演变以及电作为一种感觉方式的演变奠定基础。石首鱼（学名：Sciaenetrum）是一种全球性分布的鱼类，主要是海洋鱼类，但也包括北美、南美和亚洲的特有淡水物种。这些鱼类是一个很好的模式系统，研究海洋和淡水栖息地之间的过渡演变。为了重建鼓的进化历史，我们将使用靶向序列捕获和下一代DNA测序来构建系统发育树，以采样大约1000个基因。我们将使用遗传学来测试关于海洋到淡水栖息地的过渡如何改变谱系和形态多样性模式的假设。我们还将利用收集的大量DNA序列数据来研究参与神经调节和视觉适应新环境的基因的进化。这项研究将阐明栖息地之间的过渡如何在大的空间和时间尺度上影响进化。电刀鱼（学名：Gymnotiformes）是一种利用电力进行通讯和导航的新热带鱼类。由于它们的电信号易于量化和分析，裸形目是神经生物学和行为研究的重要模型系统。然而，裸子形物种之间的进化关系知之甚少。我的实验室将通过靶向序列捕获重建这一群体的系统发育关系。利用过去十年积累的大量通信信号数据库，我们将检验自然选择避免错配驱动信号分歧进化的假设。使用序列捕获产生的遗传数据，我们将研究与电信号产生相关的基因的进化速率和模式。这项工作将阐明通信信号如何演变，并为这一重要鱼类群体的各种长期研究提供框架。这项研究将为生物多样性，分子系统学和进化生物学的本科生和研究生提供培训，并将有助于进化模式和过程的基础知识。