Mechanisms of rhythm perception

节奏感知机制

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-05834
• 负责人: Grahn, Jessica
• 金额: $ 3.72万
• 依托单位: University of Western Ontario
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=690259
• 关键词: Mechanisms; rhythm; perception

Moving to a musical beat is one of myriad human behaviours that rely on regularity (e.g., walking, talking, turn-taking), but the mechanisms underlying our sensitivity to a regular beat are still a mystery. Beat perception occurs spontaneously, without effort, when we listen to rhythmic sequences of time intervals. Existing models of time perception cannot account for many features of beat perception, and behavioural evidence suggests that humans may have a unique beat-based timing system. My research seeks to characterize this system. Thus far, my research indicates a link between beat perception and movement: brain areas that control movement are activated when we hear rhythm, and certain motor areas respond specifically during beat perception, even when no movement is made. I aim to: i) develop tools to assess beat perception independently from beat production, ii) characterize the timecourse of the motor system's role in beat perception, and iii) combine brain stimulation and imaging methods to understand the causal roles of specific motor areas in rhythm and beat perception.***In the first research project, my trainees and I will validate a novel paradigm to assess beat perception. The paradigm enables us to determine the timecourse of beat induction' (finding the regular beat in a rhythmic sequence), and to examine how and why this timecourse varies across individuals. In the second project, we will use transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to measure motor system excitability during beat perception. The timecourse of motor excitability (e.g., does it fluctuate in anticipation of each upcoming beat, or in reaction to the beat) will inform us about the role of the motor system during beat induction and beat perception. Further, we will examine whether musical experience and individual differences in rhythmic ability are reflected in the degree or latency of motor excitability changes. The third project will examine the causal roles played by individual motor areas that respond during rhythm and beat perception. Some roles may be general to all types of timing, whereas others may be specific to timing based on the beat. To investigate this, we will apply noninvasive brain stimulation to transiently disrupt, as well as enhance, functioning in individual motor areas, measuring how each supports timing and beat perception. ***Understanding the mechanisms of beat and rhythm perception will be crucial to creating accurate models of humans' complex timing behaviour, but also has implications for many domains beyond music. Temporal perception underlies our capacity to integrate information from different senses, coordinate movement, and perceive relationships in the world. Clinically, beat perception predicts language and hearing skills, and forms the basis of music-based gait interventions.

随着音乐节拍移动是无数依赖规律性的人类行为之一（例如行走、说话、轮流），但我们对规律节拍敏感的机制仍然是一个谜。当我们聆听有节奏的时间间隔序列时，节拍感知会自然而然地发生，无需费力。现有的时间感知模型无法解释节拍感知的许多特征，行为证据表明人类可能拥有独特的基于节拍的计时系统。我的研究旨在描述这个系统的特征。到目前为止，我的研究表明了节拍感知和运动之间的联系：当我们听到节奏时，控制运动的大脑区域就会被激活，而某些运动区域在节拍感知期间会做出特定反应，即使没有运动。我的目标是：i) 开发独立于节拍产生来评估节拍感知的工具，ii) 描述运动系统在节拍感知中的作用的时间过程，以及 iii) 结合大脑刺激和成像方法来了解特定运动区域在节奏和节拍感知中的因果作用。***在第一个研究项目中，我和我的学员将验证一种评估节拍感知的新范例。该范式使我们能够确定节拍感应的时间进程（在有节奏的序列中找到规则的节拍），并检查该时间进程如何以及为何因个体而异。在第二个项目中，我们将使用经颅磁刺激（TMS）来测量节拍感知期间运动系统的兴奋性。运动兴奋性的时间进程（例如，它是否因对每个即将到来的节拍的预期而波动，或对节拍的反应而波动）将告诉我们运动系统在节拍感应和节拍感知过程中的作用。此外，我们将研究音乐体验和节奏能力的个体差异是否反映在运动兴奋性变化的程度或潜伏期中。第三个项目将研究在节奏和节拍感知过程中做出反应的各个运动区域所发挥的因果作用。有些角色可能适用于所有类型的计时，而其他角色可能特定于基于节拍的计时。为了研究这一点，我们将应用非侵入性脑刺激来短暂扰乱并增强各个运动区域的功能，测量每个运动区域如何支持时间和节拍感知。 ***了解节拍和节奏感知的机制对于创建人类复杂计时行为的准确模型至关重要，而且对音乐以外的许多领域也有影响。时间感知是我们整合不同感官信息、协调运动和感知世界关系的能力的基础。在临床上，节拍感知可以预测语言和听力技能，并构成基于音乐的步态干预的基础。