End-to-end cyberinfrastructure to support data-model integration in water connectivity studies

水文(或水)连通性描述了水在成对地点之间的移动，并对过程理解和流域管理具有重要影响。然而，大多数水文模型没有明确描述连通性，导致相当大的知识差距。水文学和遥感领域的两个新兴趋势正在为连通性科学创造令人兴奋但基本上尚未开发的机会。首先，光学和雷达卫星传感器数据的增加正在改变研究环境动态的方式；最值得注意的是，现在可以以前所未有的空间和时间分辨率观测动态的地表水过程。其次，基于主体的模型(ABM)在生态学中被广泛使用，是模拟生态系统中单个元素之间相互作用的强大工具。一些水文学家提出，在模拟导致水连通的小规模相互作用方面，数据驱动的ABM可能比基于方程的模型(EBM)更有效，但这一假设尚未得到充分检验。将遥感数据纳入EBMS和ABM有可能揭示以前未知的连通动态，从而有助于更全面地了解分水岭过程及其管理。然而，多传感器卫星数据处理以及EBMS和ABMS的应用需要巨大的计算能力和数据存储能力，这是这一资金申请的动机。*将开发端到端的网络基础设施，以支持跨农业和湿地为主的流域的水连通性研究中的数据模型集成。网络基础设施将包括两台多核高内存计算服务器、一台联网数据存储系统和一台高性能工作站。这些服务器将允许处理多传感器卫星图像，计算连通性指标，并将其整合到EBMS和ABMS中，用于先进的水连通性建模。网络连接的数据存储系统将配置为支持频繁的数据备份，并具有内置冗余，以防意外数据丢失。最后，高性能工作站将作为两台计算机服务器之间的纽带，并作为利益攸关方测试连接模型并根据具体分水岭管理目标或指标提供反馈的接口。就处理的数据量和模型复杂性而言，这一网络基础设施带来的研究将是史无前例的：它不仅将解决与连通性科学相关的关键问题，而且还将通过提供关于水运动的空间和时间上的明确信息，帮助确定应该如何、何时以及在哪里在流域内采取纠正行动的优先事项。

Hydrologic (or water) connectivity describes the movement of water between pairs of locations and has important implications for process understanding and watershed management. However, most hydrologic models do not explicitly depict connectivity, resulting in considerable knowledge gaps. Two emerging trends in the fields of hydrology and remote sensing are creating exciting, but largely untapped, opportunities in connectivity science. First, increased availability of data from optical and radar satellite sensors is transforming the way in which environmental dynamics are studied; most notably, dynamic surface water processes can now be observed at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. Second, agent-based models (ABMs) are commonly used in ecology and are powerful tools to simulate interactions between individual elements in an ecosystem. Some hydrologists have suggested that data-driven ABMs might be more efficient than equation-based models (EBMs) to simulate small-scale interactions leading to water connectivity, but that hypothesis has yet to be fully tested. The integration of remote sensing data into EBMs and ABMs has the potential to reveal formerly unknown connectivity dynamics, thus contributing to a more complete understanding of watershed processes and their management. However, multi-sensor satellite data processing and the application of EBMs and ABMs require significant computing power and data storage capacity, which is the motivation for this funding application. ******An end-to-end cyberinfrastructure will be developed to support data-model integration in water connectivity studies across agricultural and wetland-dominated watersheds. The cyberinfrastructure will comprise two multi-core and high memory computing servers, one network-attached data storage system, and one high-performance workstation. The servers will allow the processing of multi-sensor satellite images, the computation of connectivity metrics, and their integration into EBMs and ABMs for advanced water connectivity modelling. The network-attached data storage system will be configured to enable frequent data back-ups, with built-in redundancy in case of accidental data losses. Lastly, the high-performance workstation will serve as a link between the two computing servers, and as an interface for stakeholders to test the connectivity models and offer feedback based on specific watershed management objectives or targets. The research enabled by this cyberinfrastructure will be unprecedented in terms of volume of data processed and model complexity: it will not only address key questions relevant to connectivity science, but it will also help prioritize how, when and where corrective action should be taken within watersheds by providing spatially and temporally explicit information on water movements.