Life-history trade-offs, seasonal time constraints, and the optimization of body size

生活史权衡、季节性时间限制和体型优化

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-06469
• 负责人: Rollinson, Njal
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=707972
• 关键词: Life; history; trade; offs; seasonal

My research program aims to understand how life histories are influenced by the environment, and to apply this understanding to the conservation of exploited populations and species at risk. Life-history traits have a direct and context-specific effect on fitness, and understanding the trade-offs and ecological context under which life-histories have evolved is central to understanding local adaptation, demographic rates, and extinction risk. Body size is central to many models of life-history evolution, yet there is no consensus on how body size is optimized. In order to understand life-history evolution more broadly and apply this knowledge effectively to conservation and management, we need to understand how size is optimized across ontogeny. My short term goal is to develop a better understanding of how size is optimized, and to explore how optimization is influenced by the physical environment. My first objective (PhD1, Msc1) is to examine how maternal body size and the length of time available for embryo/juvenile development jointly affect optimal investment in offspring, and hence optimal juvenile size. This objective aims to provide a much-needed and broadly-applicable framework in which to understand how parents optimize the size of their offspring, thereby laying a theoretical groundwork in which to explore variation in life-history expression that depends on initial size, as well as the effects of size-selective harvesting in exploited populations. My second objective (PhD2) is to test the idea that parent-offspring conflict plays a central role in body size evolution, and to develop life-historical hypotheses for Bergmann's Rule and its congeners. This objective aims to clarify the trade-offs and environmental influences that govern body-size evolution, such that we are in a better position to predict how size in general will respond to environmental change. Finally, I will use long-term data to investigate how trade-offs between growth and reproduction are altered by decadal warming patterns, using long-lived reptiles as model organisms (PhD3, MSc2). This objective will help elucidate how the thermal environment affects key life-history trade-offs, and how long-term changes in temperature are likely to affect survival and recruitment in populations adapted to cooler northern environments. In sum, this work will train five HQP, and it will help resolve the mechanisms and processes that affect the evolution of body size. In the short term, it will provide researchers with a general framework in which to consider the optimization of size across ontogeny. In the long term, it will help clarify how life-histories more broadly will respond to changes in the environment, as it lays the foundation for subsequent investigation into how specific types of environmental variation/anthropogenic disturbance affect life-history expression/evolution that is mediated through size.

我的研究计划旨在了解生活史如何受到环境的影响，并将这种理解应用于保护受剥削的种群和濒危物种。 生活史特征对适应性有直接和特定的影响，了解生活史演变的权衡和生态背景对于了解当地适应，人口统计率和灭绝风险至关重要。身体大小是许多生命史进化模型的核心，但对于身体大小如何优化还没有达成共识。为了更广泛地理解生命史进化，并将这些知识有效地应用于保护和管理，我们需要了解个体发育中的大小是如何优化的。 我的短期目标是更好地理解尺寸是如何优化的，并探索物理环境如何影响优化。我的第一个目标（PhD 1，MSC 1）是研究母体的大小和胚胎/少年发育的时间长度如何共同影响对后代的最佳投资，从而影响最佳的少年大小。这一目标的目的是提供一个急需的和广泛适用的框架，了解父母如何优化其后代的大小，从而奠定了理论基础，探索依赖于初始大小的生活史表达的变化，以及大小选择性收获的影响在利用人口。我的第二个目标（PhD 2）是检验亲子冲突在身体尺寸进化中发挥核心作用的观点，并为伯格曼规则及其同类提出生活史假设。这一目标的目的是澄清权衡和环境影响，支配身体大小的演变，这样我们就可以更好地预测一般大小将如何响应环境变化。最后，我将使用长期数据来研究十年变暖模式如何改变生长和繁殖之间的权衡，使用长寿爬行动物作为模式生物（PhD 3、MSC 2）。这一目标将有助于阐明热环境如何影响关键的生活史权衡，以及温度的长期变化如何可能影响适应较冷北方环境的种群的生存和招募。 综上所述，本研究将训练出5名HQP，有助于解决影响体型演化的机制和过程。在短期内，它将为研究人员提供一个总体框架，在其中考虑个体发育的大小优化。从长远来看，它将有助于澄清更广泛的生活史将如何应对环境的变化，因为它奠定了基础，为随后的调查如何特定类型的环境变化/人为干扰影响生活史的表达/进化是通过大小介导的。