Material flow in active mining faces

摘要、理由和目标 该提案将建立新型采矿挖掘机操作性能分析、测量和测试系统以及挖掘机铲斗设计指南，以支持低能耗、低成本、高生产率的目标。 这项研究将支持采矿业的运营，以实现更低的运营和维护成本，以及挖掘机制造商在替代设计方面的考虑。 绳铲和液压挖掘机铲斗的设计和操作使用分别保持了100多年和50多年的基本相同。 在挖掘期间有效填充的铲斗体积的比例（称为填充因子）;影响爆破岩石或土壤可以被挖掘的容易性的生产性挖掘能量;高地面接合工具（铲斗齿）磨损;以及对挖掘机机械可用性的总体影响仍然是采矿业关注的问题。 这些都导致操作和维护时间和费用的损失。 挖掘机垫稳定性问题和移动的采矿设备燃料使用过量是其他关切问题。 建议三名主要的全职HQP和多达十几名额外的短期HQP（BSC合作社）将通过现场测量、缩放实验室测试和数值建模接受培训;主要评估破碎岩石和土壤与不同配置的挖掘机铲斗相互作用的基本流动机制（使用模式和挖掘机类型的函数）。 为了更好地理解磨料磨损和生产率作为比能（单位挖掘体积消耗的能量）的函数的并行问题，将建议替代铲斗操作模式、磨损保护材料选择和作为挖掘条件的函数的新颖铲斗几何形状。 方法、新的测量技术和分析 将主要使用一种新的（1）实验室规模的铲斗-挖掘面相互作用透视罐试验系统，配备有高速和应变相机测量系统，补充了更传统的反作用力测量;以及（2）改进的现场模拟（力加载和挖掘速率）可编程磨损试验系统。 计划在此工作期间测试多达10种铲斗设计以及数百个磨损样本。 分析将评估挖掘路径、挖掘和磨损能量、填充系数、边坡稳定性和故障/流动机制;作为铲斗形状和操作运动的函数。分析还将与现场挖掘机燃料使用（反映排放）和挖掘机履带下方的地面稳定性相关，从而对挖掘机底盘进行新的性能分析，评估需要高维护的损坏可能性。还将使用其他更常规的岩土强度、材料密度和地面颗粒尺寸表征试验来确定挖掘条件。

Summary, justification and objectives This proposal will establish novel mining excavator operational performance analyses, measurement and test systems and excavator bucket design guidelines, supporting a low energy, low cost, higher productivity goal. This research will support mining industry operations in achieving lower operating and maintenance costs, and excavator manufacturers in alternative design considerations. Rope shovel and hydraulic excavator bucket designs and operational use have remained essentially the same for over 100 years and 50 years respectively. The proportion of a bucket volume that efficiently fills during excavation, termed fill factor'; productive dig energy impacting the ease that blasted rock or soil can be excavated; high ground engaging tool (bucket teeth) abrasive wear; and overall impacts on excavator mechanical availability remain unanswered mining industry concerns. These all result in operational and maintenance lost time and expense. Issues of excavator pad stability; and mobile mining equipment excess fuel use are additional concerns. It is proposed that three principal full time HQP and up to a dozen additional short term HQP (BSc co-op) will receive training through field measurements, scaled laboratory tests and numerical modeling; to principally evaluate the fundamental flow mechanisms of fragmented rock and soils interacting with excavator buckets of different configuration (a function of mode of use and excavator type). To better understand parallel issues of abrasive wear and productivity as a function of specific energy (the energy expended per unit volume excavated), alternative bucket operational modes, wear protection materials selection, and novel bucket geometries as a function of the dig conditions will be suggested. Approach, novel measurement techniques and analysis A novel (1) laboratory scale bucket-dig face interaction see through tank' test system, equipped with high speed and strain camera measurement systems, complimenting more conventional reaction force measurement; and (2) modified field mimicking' (force loading and dig rate) programmable abrasion wear test system, will be principally used. It is planned that up to ten bucket designs, plus several hundred wear samples will be tested during this work. Analyses will evaluate dig path, dig and wear energies, fill factors, slope stability and failure/flow mechanisms; as a function of bucket shape and operational motions. Analyses will also be correlated to field excavator fuel use (reflective of emissions) and ground stability beneath excavator tracks, leading to a novel performance analysis of excavator undercarriage evaluating the likelihood of damage requiring high maintenance. Additional more conventional geotechnical strength, material density and ground particle size characterization tests will also be used to establish dig conditions.