Quantifying groundwater discharge to surface reservoirs

量化地表水库的地下水排放

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-06744
• 负责人: Larocque, Marie
• 金额: $ 1.6万
• 依托单位: Université du Québec à Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=708374
• 关键词: Quantifying; groundwater; discharge; surface; reservoirs

Over the past 50 years, the global groundwater extraction rate has at least tripled. Climate change, deforestation or urbanization add additionnal pressures on groundwater resources. These stresses are of very current importance, as groundwater level declines have now been recorded in every state of the USA, possibly jeopardizing river baseflows and groundwater dependent ecosystems. The conditions, triggers and thresholds under which gw-sw connectivity is established or compromised are still poorly understood. In the coming years, my long-term objective will be to develop innovative approaches to quantifying aquifer discharge to surface reservoirs and to quantifying the vulnerabilty of discharge to natural and human-induced changes. My short-term objectives are: 1) to develop a science-based typology of groundwater discharge to surface reservoirs; 2) to quantify the meso-scale at which groundwater discharge is usually determined; and 3) to define indicators reflecting current conditions that can be used to identify discharge changes. Each objective will be met by undertaking two HQP studies. PhD1 will focus on constraining the location of groundwater discharge areas using high-precision topographic LiDAR data. MSc1 will aim at better understanding how short-term changes in discharge are influenced by geological and hydrological conditions. PhD2 will aim at understanding the meso-scale driving forces and conditions governing groundwater discharge in hydrogeological contexts typical of southern Canada. MSc2 will focus on the processes responsable for meso-scale recharge, including freezing and thawing. PhD3 will disentangle the complex problem of understanding groundwater discharge for the entire St. Lawrence Lowlands and develop indicators of groundwater discharge. MSc3 will use a subset of the models of targeted watersheds to determine the impacts of climate change, land use change and mitigation measures on groundwater discharge. The combination of state-of-the-art field work and modelling approaches applied for a variety of conditions is unique and original. This research will fill knowledge gaps on the processes and scales driving groundwater discharge, provide new ways of estimating current conditions and identify future pressures. It is expected to produce benchmark, highly cited publications. This will be made possible by the training of HQP (3 PhD, 3 MSc, 2 BSc) who will participate in a unique multi-disciplinary team of top researchers in the field of hydrogeology. They will be prepared to face the complexity of field and modelling work common to hydrogeology and environmental studies. This research program has the potential to change the way groundwater is included in water management policies and to contribute to the resilience of groundwater dependent ecosystems and groundwater resources.

过去50年来，全球地下水开采率至少增加了两倍。气候变化、森林砍伐或城市化给地下水资源增加了额外的压力。这些压力在当前非常重要，因为美国每个州都记录了地下水位下降，可能危及河流基流和依赖地下水的生态系统。建立或破坏网关-软件连接的条件、触发因素和阈值仍然知之甚少。在未来几年中，我的长期目标将是开发创新方法来量化含水层向地表水库的排放，并量化排放对自然和人为变化的脆弱性。我的短期目标是：1）开发一种基于科学的地下水向地表水库排放的类型学； 2）量化通常确定地下水排放的中观尺度； 3) 定义反映当前状况的指标，可用于识别流量变化。每个目标将通过进行两项 HQP 研究来实现。 Ph.D1将重点研究使用高精度地形激光雷达数据来限制地下水排放区域的位置。 MSc1 旨在更好地了解地质和水文条件如何影响流量的短期变化。 Ph.D2 旨在了解加拿大南部典型水文地质环境中控制地下水排放的中尺度驱动力和条件。 MSc2 将重点关注负责中尺度补给的过程，包括冷冻和解冻。第三博士将解决了解整个圣劳伦斯低地地下水排放的复杂问题，并制定地下水排放指标。 MSc3 将使用目标流域模型的子集来确定气候变化、土地利用变化和缓解措施对地下水排放的影响。最先进的现场工作和适用于各种条件的建模方法的结合是独特和原创的。这项研究将填补关于驱动地下水排放的过程和规模的知识空白，提供估计当前状况和确定未来压力的新方法。预计它将产生基准、高引用出版物。这将通过 HQP（3 名博士、3 名硕士、2 名理学士）的培训来实现，他们将加入由水文地质领域顶尖研究人员组成的独特多学科团队。他们将准备好面对水文地质和环境研究常见的现场和建模工作的复杂性。该研究计划有可能改变地下水纳入水管理政策的方式，并有助于增强依赖地下水的生态系统和地下水资源的恢复能力。