Predictors of variable reproductive success in primate individuals, populations and species

当某些个体、某些种群和某些物种比其他物种产生更多的存活后代时，许多因素导致了不同的繁殖成功率。是什么原因导致了动物在竞争中取得成功的差异，比如那些常年居住在混合性别的社会群体中的动物？我研究生活在多雄性多雌性群体中的新热带灵长类动物，我专注于女性生殖成功的预测因素。两性内部和两性之间的相互作用如何影响它们的生殖、觅食和种群模式？ 在过去的32年里，我研究了生活在哥斯达黎加瓜纳卡斯特保护区（ACG）圣罗莎区的三种长寿猴（卷尾猴、吼猴和蜘蛛猴）的生活史。主要集中在卷尾猴，我的研究计划将继续研究的方式，其中两个间和内的性竞争和合作内的生态，人口和生物限制的物种影响繁殖。我们使用观察方法和非侵入性技术（例如，粪便和尿液取样），然后进行实验室分析。我们将比较我们的卷尾猴的数据，从其他灵长类动物物种中发现的ACG和其他地方，我们解决的问题普遍感兴趣的进化生物学家和公众一样，如：什么成本和收益做女性的经验，从保持长期的关系，与女性亲属和居民组男性？为什么有些雌性会繁殖到死亡，而另一些则在生命的中途停止生育？激素、基因和行为如何相互作用影响生殖模式？ 自1983年以来，我的团队还记录了灵长类动物种群返回ACG的恢复森林。这个大型公园是世界遗产，也是一个著名的恢复项目的所在地，该项目旨在恢复以前被数百年的农业和伐木活动干扰的热带干旱森林。在接下来的5年里，我们将研究栖息地和气候变化如何随着时间的推移影响灵长类动物的种群增长。我们32年的人口统计数据和对未来的预测对于包括加拿大在内的世界各地的野生动物和保护计划非常重要，这些计划旨在预测长寿哺乳动物将如何应对气候变化。我们维护的生活史数据的协作数据库是其他人的宝贵资源，也是纵向研究价值的典范。

Many factors contribute to differential reproductive success when some individuals, some populations and some species produce more surviving offspring than do others. What accounts for such variation in the competitive success of animals that cooperate, such as those residing in year-round, mixed-sex social aggregations? I study neotropical primates that live in multi-male, multi-female groups and I concentrate on the predictors of female reproductive success. How do interactions within and between the sexes affect their reproductive, foraging and population patterns? For the past 32 years, I have studied the life histories of three species of long-lived monkeys (capuchins, howler and spider monkeys) that inhabit the Santa Rosa sector of the rea de Conservacin Guanacaste (ACG), Costa Rica. Focusing mainly on capuchins, my research program will continue to examine the ways in which both inter- and intra-sexual competition and cooperation operate within the ecological, demographic and biological constraints of the species to affect reproduction. We use a combination of observational methods and non-invasive techniques (e.g., fecal and urine sampling) followed by lab analyses. We will compare our capuchin data to that from other primate species found in ACG and elsewhere and we address questions of general interest to evolutionary biologists and the public alike, such as: what costs and benefits do females experience from maintaining long-term relationships with female kin and with resident group males? Why do some females reproduce until death, whereas others cease to give birth halfway through their lifespan? How do hormones, genes and behavior interact to affect reproductive patterns? Since 1983, my team has also documented the return of primate populations to the recovering forests of the ACG. This mega-park is a World Heritage Site and the location of a renowned restoration project to regenerate tropical dry forest previously disturbed by centuries of agricultural and logging activities. In the next 5 years we will investigate how habitat and climate variation over time affect primate population growth cross-specifically. Our 32 years of demographic data and projections into the future are important for wildlife and conservation programs around the world, including Canada, that seek to predict how long-lived mammals will respond to climate change. The collaborative databases of life history data that we maintain are an invaluable resource for others and a model for the value of longitudinal research.