Predictors of variable reproductive success in primate individuals, populations and species

当一些个体、一些种群和一些物种产生比其他物种更多的存活后代时，许多因素导致了不同的生殖成功。合作的动物，比如生活在一年四季的混合性别社会群体中的动物，在竞争成功方面的差异是如何解释的？我研究生活在多个雄性、多个雌性群体中的新热带灵长类动物，我专注于预测雌性繁殖成功的因素。两性内部和两性之间的互动如何影响它们的生殖、觅食和种群模式？ 在过去的32年里，我研究了三种长寿猴子(卷尾猴、咆哮猴和蜘蛛猴)的生活史，它们生活在哥斯达黎加瓜纳卡斯特保护区的圣罗萨区。我的研究项目主要集中在卷尾猴身上，将继续研究在物种的生态、人口和生物限制下，两性之间和性内的竞争与合作如何影响生殖。我们使用观察法和非侵入性技术(例如，粪便和尿液采样)相结合，然后进行实验室分析。我们将把我们的卷尾猴数据与在ACG和其他地方发现的其他灵长类物种的数据进行比较，并解决进化生物学家和公众普遍感兴趣的问题，例如：雌性与雌性亲属和常驻群体雄性保持长期关系的代价和好处是什么？为什么有些雌性会繁衍到死亡，而另一些则会在寿命中途停止生育？荷尔蒙、基因和行为如何相互作用来影响生殖模式？ 自1983年以来，我的团队还记录了灵长类种群重返ACG正在恢复的森林的情况。这个巨型公园是世界遗产，也是一个著名的修复项目的所在地，该项目旨在恢复热带干燥森林，此前曾受到数百年的农业和伐木活动的干扰。在接下来的5年里，我们将研究栖息地和气候变化如何影响灵长类种群的交叉增长。我们32年的人口统计数据和对未来的预测，对于包括加拿大在内的世界各地的野生动物和保护项目来说都很重要，这些项目试图预测长寿的哺乳动物将如何应对气候变化。我们维护的生活史数据的协作数据库对其他人来说是一个无价的资源，也是纵向研究价值的模型。

Many factors contribute to differential reproductive success when some individuals, some populations and some species produce more surviving offspring than do others. What accounts for such variation in the competitive success of animals that cooperate, such as those residing in year-round, mixed-sex social aggregations? I study neotropical primates that live in multi-male, multi-female groups and I concentrate on the predictors of female reproductive success. How do interactions within and between the sexes affect their reproductive, foraging and population patterns? For the past 32 years, I have studied the life histories of three species of long-lived monkeys (capuchins, howler and spider monkeys) that inhabit the Santa Rosa sector of the rea de Conservacin Guanacaste (ACG), Costa Rica. Focusing mainly on capuchins, my research program will continue to examine the ways in which both inter- and intra-sexual competition and cooperation operate within the ecological, demographic and biological constraints of the species to affect reproduction. We use a combination of observational methods and non-invasive techniques (e.g., fecal and urine sampling) followed by lab analyses. We will compare our capuchin data to that from other primate species found in ACG and elsewhere and we address questions of general interest to evolutionary biologists and the public alike, such as: what costs and benefits do females experience from maintaining long-term relationships with female kin and with resident group males? Why do some females reproduce until death, whereas others cease to give birth halfway through their lifespan? How do hormones, genes and behavior interact to affect reproductive patterns? Since 1983, my team has also documented the return of primate populations to the recovering forests of the ACG. This mega-park is a World Heritage Site and the location of a renowned restoration project to regenerate tropical dry forest previously disturbed by centuries of agricultural and logging activities. In the next 5 years we will investigate how habitat and climate variation over time affect primate population growth cross-specifically. Our 32 years of demographic data and projections into the future are important for wildlife and conservation programs around the world, including Canada, that seek to predict how long-lived mammals will respond to climate change. The collaborative databases of life history data that we maintain are an invaluable resource for others and a model for the value of longitudinal research.