Techniques for Enhancing Anaerobic Digestibility of Municipal Solid Waste

提高城市固体废物厌氧消化率的技术

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-04122
• 负责人: Elbeshbishy, Elsayed
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: Ryerson University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=708996
• 关键词: Techniques; Enhancing; Anaerobic; Digestibility; Municipal

The goals of wastewater treatment are currently changing from public sanitation and environmental protection towards nutrient and energy recovery, which are driven by the high cost of energy and value in nutrients. Energy from municipal solid waste is considered to be one of the most promising future renewable energy sources. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is the default process for the biological conversion of organic waste to renewable energy and biofuel. AD is a multi-steps process in which the complex organic compounds are converted to the most oxidized and reduced form such as mono-atomic carbon dioxide and methane. In recent years, the application of AD for the treatment of organic waste has emerged dramatically. The attractiveness of AD is due to the various benefits of the process: (a) the produced biogas is energy efficient and environmentally friendly, (b) the produced slurry (digestate) is nitrogen rich and can be utilized in agriculture as a nutrient fertilizer and/or organic amendment, (c) a more recent application is to transform the digestate into biochar, which can be further employed as soil enhancer or an adsorbent for the purification of wastewater or flue gas. The major drawbacks of AD are its long retention time (typical 20-30 days) and the low overall degradation efficiency of organic matter, which is partly caused by the inability of the anaerobic microorganisms to degrade certain organic compounds efficiently. In spite of all the efforts in the AD of municipal solid waste sector, the process is not yet fully understood, and further development and optimization of the current technology, especially in the above-mentioned areas, is still needed. This research proposal is to develop novel techniques to improve the anaerobic digestibility of municipal solid wastes for renewable energy production and nutrient recovery. This research proposal will address three key short-term programs: (3) develop a novel integrated lab-scale anaerobic digester with microbial electrochemical cell process, (2) develop a simple tool which can be used to optimize the mixing of two- or multi-substrates for AD, and (3) investigate new pretreatment techniques to enhance the AD performance. This research proposal will address several key gaps in the academic literature. It will help us better understand the correlation between the substrate characteristics (before and after modification) and the AD performance. Furthermore, through improved techniques and the training of highly qualified personnel, the findings of this study will bring substantial economic and environmental benefits to Canada. Specifically our society will benefit from alternative sustainable technologies for renewable energy and nutrient recovery from carbon dioxide and organic wastes, which will have a direct effect on our environment.

目前，废水处理的目标正在从公共卫生和环境保护转向营养物和能量回收，这是由能源成本和营养物价值高所驱动的。来自城市固体废物的能源被认为是未来最有前途的可再生能源之一。厌氧消化（AD）是将有机废物生物转化为可再生能源和生物燃料的默认过程。 AD 是一个多步骤过程，其中复杂的有机化合物转化为最氧化和还原的形式，例如单原子二氧化碳和甲烷。 近年来，AD在有机废物处理中的应用迅速兴起。 AD 的吸引力在于该工艺具有多种优势：(a) 产生的沼气节能且环保，(b) 产生的泥浆（沼渣）富含氮，可在农业中用作营养肥料和/或有机改良剂，(c) 最近的应用是将沼渣转化为生物炭，生物炭可进一步用作土壤改良剂或吸附剂 用于净化废水或烟气。 AD的主要缺点是其停留时间长（通常为20-30天）和有机物的总体降解效率低，部分原因是厌氧微生物无法有效降解某些有机化合物。尽管在城市固体废物领域的厌氧消化方面做出了很多努力，但其过程尚未完全了解，仍然需要进一步开发和优化现有技术，特别是在上述领域。 该研究计划旨在开发新技术，提高城市固体废物的厌氧消化率，用于可再生能源生产和养分回收。 该研究计划将解决三个关键的短期计划：（3）开发一种新型集成实验室规模厌氧消化器与微生物电化学电池过程，（2）开发一种简单的工具，可用于优化AD中两种或多种底物的混合，以及（3）研究新的预处理技术以提高AD性能。 该研究计划将解决学术文献中的几个关键空白。 它将帮助我们更好地了解基材特性（改性前后）与 AD 性能之间的相关性。此外，通过改进技术和培训高素质人员，这项研究的结果将为加拿大带来巨大的经济和环境效益。具体来说，我们的社会将受益于可再生能源以及从二氧化碳和有机废物中回收养分的替代可持续技术，这将对我们的环境产生直接影响。