LIGHT ALLOY DESIGN FOR AUTOMOTIVE, AEROSPACE AND BIO APPLICATIONS

目前的建议是开发用于运输工业减轻重量的轻质材料铝（Al）和镁（Mg），以及用于生物医学应用的生物可吸收植入材料。目前提出的计划的不同之处在于，目前没有被任何类似的研究计划在该领域使用的三个创新概念将被用于开发有效的新材料。这些概念与(i)晶体结构的改变，（ii）表面活性元素的使用，以及（iii） Mg和Al合金中颗粒内纳米级弥散体的创新设计有关。这些合金将具有一系列改进的性能，如抗蠕变、可成形性、生物可降解性、生物相容性、生物耐腐蚀性或耐点火性，并将用于汽车发动机、柴油发动机、汽车车身结构、飞机机舱内部和生物医学植入物等应用。申请人所带领的团队将包括博士后（A. Farkoosh博士），4人。博士生（奖学金）2名；工程硕士和2名本科生。该团队目前与行业（菲亚特克莱斯勒汽车公司、劳弗斯汽车零部件公司、贝利斯医疗公司）有合作。HQP将接受轻合金开发、运输材料、生物医学应用以及电子显微镜、表面和微观结构表征、铸造和锻造合金微观结构等可转移技能方面的培训；他们将与汽车、航空航天和生物产业互动。这项研究对交通运输行业具有重要意义，因为交通运输行业的长期目标是减轻车辆重量，以实现燃油经济性、性能和减排，这些目标需要与成本目标和可靠性相平衡。众所周知，交通运输部门不断增长的二氧化碳排放量目前占加拿大温室气体排放总量的25%，政府的目标是到2050年减少45-65%的温室气体。影响的一个例子是申请人开发的镁合金，在2004年至2014年的十年中，所有宝马发动机缸体都使用了镁合金，发动机重量减轻了15%。这项拟议的研究对那些只有通过减轻重量才能在燃油经济性方面取得竞争优势的飞机也很重要。使用防燃镁合金将使飞机减轻重量。在生物医学领域，使用可生物降解的Mg心血管支架将消除重复支架手术，而重复支架手术会带来额外的健康相关并发症，降低患者的生活质量，增加发病率，并给医疗保健系统带来额外的成本负担。它还将消除儿童冠状动脉患者在生长过程中为重新植入支架而进行的重复手术。对生物相容性镁的研究也将扩大镁在药物输送和骨植入物中的应用。

The current proposal is on the development of lightweight materials, aluminum (Al) and magnesium (Mg) for weight reduction in transport industries and on bio-absorbable implant materials for bio-medical applications. The current proposed program is different in that three innovative concepts not currently used by any similar research program in the field will be employed to develop effective new materials. These concepts are related to (i) crystal structure modification, (ii) the use of surface active elements and (iii) the innovative design of intra-granular nano-scale dispersoid in Mg and Al alloys. The alloys will have a range of improved properties such as creep resistance, formability, bio-degradability, bio-compatibility, bio-corrosion resistance or ignition resistance, and will be used in applications such as the car engine, diesel engine, car body structures, aircraft cabin interior, and biomedical implants. The team led by the applicant will include Postdoctoral Fellow (Dr A. Farkoosh), 4. PhD students (with scholarships), 2. M. Eng and 2 undergraduate students. There are current collaborations of the team with the industry (Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, Raufoss Automobile Parts, Baylis Medical). The HQP will be trained in light alloy development, transport materials, biomedical applications and on transferable skills in electron microscopy, surface and microstructural characterization, casting and wrought alloy microstructures; they will interact with the automotive, aerospace and bio industries. The research is important for the transport sector that has long-term goals in vehicle-weight reduction for fuel economy, performance and reduced emissions, which need to be balanced with cost targets and reliability. It is known that the growing CO2 emissions from the transportation sector currently contribute 25% of Canada's total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the government has targeted a 45-65% reduction in GHGs by 2050. An example of impact is the Mg alloy developed by the applicant which was used on all BMW engine blocks for one decade 2004-2014 with 15% reduction in engine weight. The proposed research is also important for aircrafts that strive for a competitive edge in fuel economy which is only possible through weight reduction. The use of ignition proof Mg will enable aircraft weight reduction. In the biomedical field, the use of bio-degradable Mg cardiovascular stents will eliminate repeated stenting procedures which introduce additional health-related complications, decrease the life quality of the patient, increase the morbidity rate, and burden the health care system with additional cost. It will also eliminate the repeat surgeries in pediatric coronary patients for re-stenting during growth. Research on biocompatible Mg will also extend the use of Mg in drug delivery and as bone implants.