Development of Advanced Recovery-Separation-Degradation Solutions for Green Treatment of Oily Sludge from Petroleum Industry

含油污泥是石油工业中大量产生的主要危险废物。由于含油污泥的毒性，其安全处理变得具有挑战性且成本高昂。如果不从污泥中回收有价值的油，可能会造成经济损失。以前，人们开发了各种方法来研究污泥油的回收，但得到的结果好坏参半，而且很少关注回收油的质量。传统的油泥处理方法大多不符合环境标准，或者存在各种局限性。此外，污泥处理产生了大量高含油量的含油量废水，对其有效处理的关注较少。因此，人们对更好的含油污泥回收和处理解决方案越来越感兴趣。针对这一需求，拟开展的研究将侧重于创新和发展绿色采油和废物处理技术。石油的回收、废物的分离和碳氢化合物的降解是实现目标的主要机制，通过以下设计任务：(1)通过使用超临界流体萃取（SFE）和差示扫描量热法（DSC）的综合技术，开发具有提高石油采收率和高纯度石油质量的先进采油方法；(2)寻找具有高产生物表面活性剂和从污泥中回收油能力的新微生物菌株，并通过优化的污泥洗涤工艺对其回收油能力进行评价；(3)在设计的生物强化方案下，探索剩余污泥（即通过生物表面活性剂和SFE技术回收大部分油后的污泥）的生物降解性，以便进一步处理废物；(4)采用新型合成膜材料和绿色工艺设计，研制了浸没式聚四氟乙烯膜生物反应器微滤吸附装置（PTFE-MABR），用于处理污泥处理过程中产生的大量高含油废水。各种吸收剂将与MBR装置一起使用，以去除废水中的杂质。拟议的研究将集中在加拿大的含油污泥问题，旨在开发绿色技术，以改善加拿大的含油污泥管理实践。研究成果将为工业应用中含油污泥处理的合理设计提供信息，并最终使石油工业利益相关者，加拿大社区和环境受益。拟议的研究还将有助于培训一些hqp，以提高他们应对加拿大未来环境挑战的能力。

Oily sludge is a major hazardous waste generated in large volumes from the petroleum industry. Due to its toxic nature, safe disposal of oily sludge becomes challenging and costly. Economic losses can be incurred if the valuable oil is not recycled from the sludge. Previously, various methods were developed to investigate sludge oil recovery, however, mixed results have been obtained and furthermore little attention has been given to the quality of the recovered oil. In terms of the conventional oil sludge disposal approaches, most of them are either inadequate to meeting environmental standards or having various limitations. Besides, large volume of high-content oily wastewater is generated from the sludge disposal and little attention has focused on its effective treatment. Thus, there are growing interests for better oily sludge recovery and treatment solutions. In response to the needs, the proposed research will focus on the advancement and development of novel and green oil recovery and waste disposal technologies. The perspectives of Recovery (of oil), Separation (of wastes), and Degradation (of hydrocarbons) are the main mechanisms for achieving the goals through the following designed tasks: (1) To develop advanced oil recovery approaches with improved oil recovery efficiency and high-purified oil quality through using an integrated techniques of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); (2) To discover new microbial strains with high capabilities in producing bio-surfactants and recovering oil from sludge, and their ability in recovering oil will be assessed through an optimized sludge washing process; (3) To explore the biodegradability of residual sludge (i.e., the sludge after its majority of oil being recover by bio-surfactant and SFE techniques) under designed bio-augmentation scenarios for further waste disposal; (4) To develop a submerged PTFE-membrane-bioreactor microfiltration-adsorption unit (PTFE-MABR) through using a new synthetic membrane material and a green process design for handling large volume of high-content oily wastewater generated from the sludge treatment process. A variety of absorbents will be used in conjunction with the MBR unit to remove the impurities in the wastewater effluent. The proposed research will focus on Canada's oily sludge issue and aims to develop green technologies for improving oily sludge management practices in Canada. The research outputs will be informative for sound design of oily sludge treatment in industrial application, and will eventually benefit petroleum industrial stakeholders, Canadian communities and environment. The proposed research will also help train a number of HQPs for enhancing their abilities to address Canada's future environmental challenges.