Binding Across Perception and Action

感知与行动的结合

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-06359
• 负责人: Pratt, Jay
• 金额: $ 5.25万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=710262
• 关键词: Binding; Across; Perception; Action

Every day we interact with a multitude of objects in our environment, and a large part of the success we have in our daily lives depends on the success we have in dealing with the objects we encounter. Because of this, one of the enduring issues in cognition and vision science is how humans attend and perceive objects in the visual field. In other words, how are objects represented in human minds and brains? An early answer was “object files”, where various perceptual features (i.e., colour, shape, size) were bound together to create coherent objects (e.g., this object is a small yellow box). This notion evolved into “event files”, where actions (e.g., left hand response) were added to object representations. My research continues this evolution of object representations by theorizing that cognitive concepts can be treated as features (“cognitive features”) and as such can be bound with perceptual and motor features to form a new type of object representation a “situation file”. To be considered a cognitive feature, a concept must pass a stringent experimental test; the concept must be capable of generating automatic shifts of attention that prioritizes the concept in visual processing. Such possible cognitive features that will be examined include ownership (who owns the object?), reward (is the object valued?), animacy (is the object is alive?), and affordance (what I can use this object for?). None of these cognitive features have direct detectors in the brain, and can exist for only limited periods of time (i.e., situations), but play important roles in defining objects. These cognitive features will then be tested if they can be bound into situation files. Once the cognitive features that can be bound are determined, the next phase of this research will determine how fast perceptual, motor, and cognitive features are bound into situation files, and how strong the binding is between features in objects. In other words, this portion of the research will examine how the binding process works in situation files. Having created the experimental foundation for the theory of situation files, the last phase of the proposed research will apply situation files to generate new insights in the field of motor control, particularly the planning and production of guided limb movements (the movements we typically make when interacting with objects). Specifically, the explanatory power of situation files will be applied to two important issues related to the planning of limb movements; the aftereffect of preparing to move certain fingers on the subsequent movement of other fingers, and how final targets violate a law of trading off speed for accuracy. Overall, the proposed new theory of situation files will extend the concept of object representations to significantly more of the human brain's cognitive processes, allowing for much more powerful explanations of our cognitive, perceptual, and motor behaviours to objects.

每天我们都与环境中的许多物体进行互动，我们在日常生活中取得的成功很大程度上取决于我们在处理遇到的物体时取得的成功。正因为如此，认知和视觉科学中的一个持久问题是人类如何关注和感知视野中的物体。 换句话说，物体在人的头脑和大脑中是如何表现的？早期的答案是“对象文件”，其中各种感知特征（即，颜色、形状、大小）被绑定在一起以创建相干对象（例如，这是一个黄色的小盒子。 这个概念演变成了“事件文件”，其中的动作（例如，左手反应）被添加到对象表示。我的研究通过理论化认知概念可以被视为特征（“认知特征”），并因此可以与感知和运动特征结合形成一种新的对象表征类型“情境文件”，来继续这种对象表征的演变。要被认为是一种认知特征，一个概念必须通过严格的实验测试;这个概念必须能够产生自动的注意力转移，在视觉处理中优先考虑这个概念。 这些可能的认知特征包括所有权（谁拥有物体？），奖励（对象有价值吗？），animacy（物体是活的吗？），和启示（我可以使用这个对象做什么？）。这些认知特征中没有一个在大脑中具有直接检测器，并且只能存在有限的时间段（即，但在定义对象方面发挥着重要作用。这些认知特征将被测试，如果他们可以绑定到情况文件。 一旦确定了可以绑定的认知特征，本研究的下一阶段将确定感知、运动和认知特征绑定到情境文件中的速度，以及对象中特征之间的绑定有多强。换句话说，这部分的研究将检查绑定过程如何在情况文件中工作。 在为情境文件理论创建了实验基础之后，拟议研究的最后阶段将应用情境文件在运动控制领域产生新的见解，特别是指导肢体运动的规划和生产（我们通常在与物体互动时进行的运动）。具体来说，情况文件的解释力将被应用到两个重要的问题，与肢体运动的规划;准备移动某些手指的后续运动的其他手指的后果，以及最终目标如何违反交易的速度为准确性的法律。 总的来说，提出的新理论的情况文件将扩展对象表征的概念，以显着更多的人类大脑的认知过程，允许更强大的解释我们的认知，感知和运动行为的对象。