Real-Time Digital Simulation and Control of Multi-Terminal Direct Current Grids

实时数字模拟模拟物理系统，以重现实验室中在受控条件下施加模拟应力时系统的真实行为。在电网方面，实时数字仿真的应用已经从最初的控制和保护系统调试前的测试功能(30多年前)发展到涵盖电能的发电、传输、分配和最终使用部门的各种研究。高压直流输电(HVDC)技术是大容量常规发电向远距离负荷中心输送电能的通道，也是交流电网互联互通的关键，也是远距离可再生能源大量涌入交流电网的关键。电力电子拓扑、控制和保护方案的进步正在引领全球多端直流(MTDC)电网的未来发展。 该研究项目主要关注高保真实时数字模型和控制算法的基本概念和发展，以确保MTDC电网的安全可靠运行。基于非线性系统辨识理论，建立了一类新型的MTDC电网元件的设备级电磁暂态模型。这些所谓的Wiener-Hammerstein模型将是准确、高效和模块化的，作为构建现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)和片上系统(SoC)架构上硬件在环(HIL)配置中的MTDC网格的分层大规模实时仿真的构建块。在开发新的实时参数估计、自适应控制算法和保护策略的同时，还将开发在正常和异常直流电网条件下精确跟踪命令输入和快速故障隔离的方法。 该研究提供了前所未有的建模细节和仿真精度，将极大地推动MTDC电网系统半实物仿真的发展。准确的并行模型和计算算法将有助于降低复杂MTDC电网的开发和测试成本，使其能够在早期阶段进行分析和优化。高保真的半实物仿真可以在快速测试新的控制策略、功率转换器拓扑、断路器配置、保护策略以提高效率和优化整个系统的性能方面提供显著的好处。这项研究计划将培养3名博士和3名硕士。学生，也将有足够的机会为本科生研究实习生。研究成果将在主要期刊和会议上传播。这项研究的主要受益者将是加拿大的实时数字模拟器制造商和加拿大电力公用事业公司。

Real-time digital simulation mimics a physical system to reproduce the system's true behavior under simulated stresses applied under controlled conditions in a laboratory. In the context of electrical power grids, the applications of real-time digital simulation has grown from its initial function of testing prior to commissioning of control and protection systems (over 30 years ago) to encompass all manner of studies in the generation, transmission, distribution, and end use sectors of electrical energy. High voltage direct current (HVDC) technology is the conduit for bulk power transfer from large conventional generation to distant load centers, between interconnected asynchronous alternating current (AC) grids, and today it is also the key enabler for the massive influx of far-flung renewable generation into AC grids. Advances in power electronic topologies, control and protection schemes are leading the future growth of multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) grids worldwide. This research program focuses on the fundamental conception and development of high-fidelity real-time digital models and control algorithms for the safe and reliable operation of MTDC grids. A new class of device-level electromagnetic transient models will be developed for MTDC grid components based on nonlinear system identification theory. These so-called Wiener-Hammerstein models will be accurate, efficient, and modular serving as building blocks for the construction of hierarchical large-scale real-time simulation of MTDC grids in the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) configuration on field programmable gate array (FPGA) and System-on-Chip (SoC) architectures. Novel real-time parameter estimation, adaptive control algorithms, and protection strategies will be developed alongside for precise tracking of command inputs under both normal and abnormal DC grid conditions and fast fault isolation. This research will significantly advance the state-of-the-art in real-time HIL simulation for MTDC grid systems by providing unprecedented modeling detail and simulation accuracy. The accurate parallel models and computational algorithms will help reduce the development and testing costs for complex MTDC grids by allowing their analysis and optimization at early stages. A high-fidelity HIL simulation can offer significant benefits in terms of rapidly testing novel control strategies, power converter topologies, circuit breaker configurations, protection strategies for efficiency and performance optimization of the whole system. This research program will train 3 Ph.D. and 3 M.Sc. students, and there will also be ample opportunities for undergraduate research interns. The research results will be disseminated in leading journals and conferences. The main beneficiaries of this research will be manufacturers of real-time digital simulators in Canada, and Canadian electrical power utilities.