Solid and colloidal particles via sonochemistry

不断变化的市场和应用需要时间有效且廉价的合成路线来制造工程固体和胶体颗粒。长期目标是开发基于超声（ULS）的技术，以制造广泛的材料，包括无机，有机，复合和混合基质。我预计，调制局部温度和压力，以及由超声声空化产生的微湍流将微调固体和胶体颗粒的结构形态特性，无论是无机的，有机的还是混合的。次级目标包括：i）用于液-固和气-固体系的催化剂的超声化学合成，ii）混合无机-有机框架的超声化学溶胶-凝胶和水热合成，iii）用于可食用膜的胶体颗粒的超声化学稳定。 i）合成具有互连的微孔和中孔网络的系统，结合高比表面积和改进的传质是催化的主要挑战。溶胶-凝胶技术是合成这些体系的主要方法，其中模板以3D结构引导催化剂前体的聚合。我预期ULS将改善结构导向剂的插层作用，提高凝胶化速率。对结果的解释将提供对ULS对这些机制的作用的理解，这在当前的最新技术水平中是缺失的。 ii）周期性介孔有机二氧化硅（PM 0）和金属有机框架（M0 F）是具有内在多学科性的杂化无机-有机材料，其桥接应用领域，包括催化、燃料电池、气体储存、吸收剂、酶固定化、药物递送和成像。开发具有时间效率的合成方法对于它们在商业规模上的应用至关重要（尚未实现）。我将采用ULS来缩短制备PMO和MOF的凝胶化时间，从而取代慢扩散合成，例如水热法，这可能需要几天。 iii）将多糖和蛋白质与低浓度的疏水性材料或聚合物组合产生具有组合的O2、CO2和改进的H2O阻隔性能的基于乳液的可食用多层膜。实现稳定的分散是当前制造目标结构并同时保证膜的机械强度的挑战。我预计超声波产生的冲击波将改善极性和非极性分子在水中的分散，形成非常精细的乳液。我们将量化ULS对亲水性聚合物与疏水性组分的乳液性质的影响，并提出成功的合成策略。

Time-efficient and inexpensive synthetic routes to manufacture engineered solids and colloidal particles are required by the ever-changing market and applications. The long term objective is to develop ultrasound (ULS)-based techniques to manufacture far-ranging materials, including inorganic, organic, composite and hybrid matrices. I anticipate that modulating the local temperature and pressure, and micro-turbulence enacted by ultrasonic acoustic cavitation will fine-tune the structural-morphological properties of solid and colloidal particles, being these inorganic, organic or hybrid. The sub-objectives include: i) Sonochemical synthesis of catalysts for liquid-solid and gas-solid systems, ii) Sonochemical sol-gel and hydrothermal synthesis of hybrid inorganic-organic frameworks, iii) Sonochemical stabilization of colloidal particles for edible films. i) Synthesizing systems with a network of interconnected micro- and mesopores, combining high specific surface area and improved mass transfer is the major challenge in catalysis. The sol-gel technique, whereby a template directs the polymerization of the catalyst precursor in a 3D structure is the main method to synthesize these systems. I anticipate that ULS will improve the intercalation of the structure-directing agent and increase the gelation rate. The interpretation of the results will provide an understanding of the action of ULS on these mechanisms, which misses in the current state of the art. ii) Periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) and metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are hybrid inorganic-organic materials with inherent multidisciplinarity bridging fields of application including catalysis, fuel cells, gas storage, absorbents, enzyme immobilization, drug delivery, and imaging. Developing time-efficient syntheses is crucial for their application at the commercial scale (not yet attained). I will adopt ULS to shorten the gelation time to manufacture both PMOs and MOFs, thus replacing slow diffusion syntheses, such as the hydrothermal method, which can take up to several days. iii) Combining polysaccharides and proteins with hydrophobic materials or polymers at low concentration produces emulsion-based edible multilayer films with combined O2, CO2, and improved H2O barrier properties. Achieving a stable dispersion is the current challenge to manufacture targeted structures and warrant at the same time the mechanical strength of the film. I anticipate that the ultrasonically generated shock waves will improve the dispersion of the polar and non-polar molecules in water creating a very fine emulsion. We will quantify the effect of ULS on the properties of the emulsions of the hydrophilic polymer with the hydrophobic component and propose successful synthesis strategies.