Evolving Energy Systems Through Innovations in Energy Storage

能源系统正在进化。随着电网结构的变化和间歇性可再生能源发电机的不断普及，能源系统的灵活性变得越来越重要。储存已被确定为这种灵活性的关键组成部分，因为它有助于从技术和市场的角度调和供需之间的不平衡。ES的好处包括改善可再生能源整合的条件，减少化石燃料尖峰电厂，改善电力质量和可靠性，推迟系统升级成本，提高电力可操作性。对于所有这些好处，新的ES技术的成功商业化可能是困难的。许多ES技术的广泛商业实现面临着一些挑战。首先是对存储可以为涉众提供的所有有益服务进行适当的评估。这取决于服务的市场，也取决于存储资产提供这些服务的能力。因此，存储价值主张的准确性受到特定市场知识的影响，但也受到资产表现的真实细节的影响。

Energy systems are evolving. Energy system flexibility is becoming increasingly important as grid architectures change and the penetration of intermittent renewable generators continue to grow. Storage has been identified as a critical component of such flexibility by helping to reconcile imbalances between supply and demand from both technical and market perspectives. Benefits of ES can include improved conditions for renewables integration, a reduction of fossil fuel peaker plants, improved power quality and reliability, deferral of system upgrade costs, and improved power maneuverability. For all of these benefits, successful commercialization of new ES technologies can be difficult. A few challenges face the broad commercial realization of many ES technologies. The first is a proper valuation of all the beneficial services storage can provide to stakeholders. This depends on the market for the services, but also, the ability of the storage asset to provide those services. Thus accuracy of storage value propositions is affected by specific market knowledge, but also the true details of asset performance. The applicant will advance state of the art exergoeconomic design optimization tools through the development of a more representative, transient operation model of a grid connected under water compressed air energy storage facility. The facility will be developed into a full scale Energy Storage Field Laboratory (ESFL). The improved exergoeconomic tools will be developed and validated with field operational data from the ESFL. The applicant will then apply the enhanced techniques to evolve a selection of less mature fluids based energy storage concepts. These include innovative inland and offshore variations of pumped hydro storage, and hybrid energy storage solutions that combine complementary ES technologies to custom tailor performance. The applicant will also investigate a new class of energy storage technology that blends generation and storage where energy is stored directly in a convenient form before converting to electricity. Subsequently, the cost of losses and extra equipment associated with multiple energy conversions can be mitigated. The overarching objective of the proposal is to evolve energy systems through innovations in energy storage technologies. To do this will require meaningful improvements in technology efficiency, flexibility, and cost. The planned advanced exergoeconomic approach and Energy Storage Field Laboratory will be developed to identify system strengths and weaknesses so they may be intelligently optimized by innovative design. The strategic application of these tools should improve designs, and will increase commercialization potential for the best solutions; evolving energy systems for the betterment of all stakeholders.