Modelling, Design, and Operation of Multifunctional Solar Systems for the Built Environment

拟议研究计划的长期目标是调查实现建筑物和建筑群最佳能源性能的途径，将完全集成的太阳能系统的现场发电与热能储存、能效措施和最优控制相结合。短期研究目标如下： 1.研究和开发先进的建筑围护结构系统，它结合了几种功能，以降低成本，同时最大限度地提高能源效率，例如窗口式系统，它集成了半透明的光伏层，在传输日光的同时发电，还可能产生有用的热量。 2.研究和开发预测控制策略，通过控制主动围护结构系统(如遮阳和采光设备)来优化太阳能增益利用，以减少高峰电力需求，同时实现良好的舒适性。 3.为建筑群或社区制定综合能源设计和控制概念，以确定实现净零能源的最佳途径，同时对电网需求情况产生可预测的影响。 与第一个目标相关的工作将首先探索不同立面概念的潜在能源性能，这些概念通过利用几乎所有的阳光光谱来发电，如日光，其余的作为有用的热量，从而优化太阳能的利用。有希望的配置将通过使用集中参数热网络模型以及光伏发电模型和日光模型的综合能源模拟来研究。创新建筑围护结构概念的原型将在大型组合太阳模拟器环境室内实验室进行测试。根据目标1开发的先进主动建筑围护结构原型将在专门为测试目标2下的控制策略而建造的试验室中使用；该试验室将用于测试围护结构中集成的主动和被动蓄热系统的组合。基于模型的控制策略将被开发出来，并在典型的模拟天气剖面下进行实验验证。目标3主要涉及建立集群能源模拟模型和研究，以制定最优能源设计概念，将目标1和目标2的工作成果结合起来。 拟议研究的主要预期成果包括关于集成太阳能利用、主动建筑围护结构和优化运行的先进正能量建筑系统性能的新知识，以及用于高性能建筑群有效预测运行的适当分辨率的数学模型。这些知识、模型和工具将促进高性能净零能源建筑和社区的设计。

The long term goal of the proposed research program is the investigation of pathways to optimal energy performance of buildings and building clusters that combine on-site energy generation from fully integrated solar energy systems with thermal energy storage, energy efficiency measures and optimal control. The short term research objectives are as follows: 1. Study and development of advanced building envelope systems that combine several functions in order to reduce cost while maximizing energy efficiency such as fenestration systems that integrate semitransparent photovoltaic layers to generate electricity while transmitting daylight and also possibly producing useful heat. 2. Study and development of predictive control strategies that optimize solar gain utilization through control of active envelope systems (such as shading and daylighting devices) to reduce peak demand for electricity while achieving good comfort. 3. Development of integrated energy design and control concepts for groups of buildings or communities so as to determine optimal pathways to reach net-zero energy while having a predictable impact on the electric grid demand profiles. The work related to the first objective will involve first exploration of the potential energy performance of different façade concepts that optimize solar energy utilization by harnessing nearly the full spectrum of sunlight to generate electricity, as daylight and the remainder as useful heat. Promising configurations will be studied through integrated energy simulations using lumped parameter thermal network models, coupled with electricity generation models for photovoltaics and daylighting models. Prototypes for innovative building envelope concepts will be tested in a large scale combined solar simulator environmental chamber laboratory. Advanced active building envelope prototypes developed under objective 1 will be used in a test-room specially constructed to test control strategies under objective 2; this test-room will be utilized to test combinations of active and passive thermal storage systems integrated in its envelope. Model-based control strategies will be developed and validated experimentally under typical simulated weather profiles. Objective 3 involves primarily building cluster energy simulation models and studies to develop optimal energy design concepts that integrate the outcomes of work from objectives 1 and 2. Major expected outcomes of the proposed research include new knowledge on the performance of advanced energy positive building systems that integrate solar energy utilization, active building envelopes and optimal operation, and mathematical models of appropriate resolution for efficient predictive operation of high performance building clusters. This knowledge, models and tools will facilitate the design of high performance net-zero energy buildings and communities.