Developing Safety Management Systems (SMS) Models

越来越多的加拿大工程师采用风险知情的方法来设计、建造和操作设施。然而，很少有工程师在识别和管理风险或理解各种管理系统（项目管理、安全管理、风险管理等）如何相互作用方面具有全面的专业知识。2015年，加拿大有超过75.6万起工伤索赔，23.2万起工伤损失，852人死于工伤和职业病。此类事件还会造成环境破坏和重大商业损失。工程师未能预见和预防这些事件；尽管我们的职业道德守则指出保护公众是最重要的。即使发生了非常明显的、后果严重的事故，由于强调生产而不是安全、基于合规性（CYA）的安全计划，以及以指责为导向的文化，公司也未能解决根本原因。

Increasingly, Canadian engineers have adopted risk-informed approaches to design, construct, and operate facilities. Yet, few engineers have comprehensive expertise in identifying and managing risk or understanding how the various management systems (project management, safety management, risk management, etc.) interact. In 2015 in Canada, there were over 756,000 injury claims, 232,000 with time lost from the job, and 852 fatalities from occupational injuries and disease. Such incidents also result in environmental damage and significant business losses. Engineers failed to foresee and prevent these incidents; despite that our Code of Ethics states that protection of the public is paramount. Even after highly visible, high-consequence incidents, companies fail to fix the root causes due to an emphasis on production over safety, compliance-based (CYA) safety programs, and blame-oriented culture. These failures are not surprising; however, as Safety Management Systems (SMS) tend to overlook: i) production versus safety demands, ii) integration of competencies and organizational culture promoted by different management systems, and/or iii) contracting as means of outsourcing risk. The objective of my research program is to enhance SMS modeling by incorporating these missing elements. Overall, my research has the potential to make several important contributions over the next five years: > First, I will identify, operationalize, and model the relationships amongst an expanded set of SMS elements for key performance indicators used by engineering companies. > Second, I will apply this model to an expanded set of companies (e.g., construction owners, prime contractors, subcontractors) to examine how the model's parameters and resulting performances vary by organizational type. > Third, I will examine the applicability of this model to inter-organizational projects (owners prime contractor subcontractors) in various industries (e.g., mining versus refining) to examine how competencies ? such as a refinery's use of process safety management techniques ? may be conveyed to other project/operations partners like tailings. Thus, the relative effectiveness of differing practice and process prescriptions can be assessed to make the business case' for their implementation. This research will be used to promote safer and more productive work environments and the overall competitiveness of Canadian industry.