Examining temporal memory and the factors that support its development

检查时间记忆及其发展的因素

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-05916
• 负责人: Pathman, Thanujeni
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: York University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=712887
• 关键词: Examining; temporal; memory; factors; support

The proposed studies fit into a larger long-term program of research aimed at examining the factors that contribute to age-related improvements in episodic memory. Episodic memory allows us to recall past events from a specific place and time. Memory for the sequence or temporal order of past events is critical for episodic memory (e.g, Tulving, 2002). Over the past few decades, using imitation-based paradigms, it has bee established that infants recall the order of a sequence of actions within an event (e.g., Pathman see Bauer, 2002, 2007 for review). In comparison to the abundance of this infancy literature, little is known about how older children order events within an experience. This gap in the developmental literature is conspicuous given that ordering events is a fundamental feature of episodic and autobiographical memory, and thus would influence the continued development of these capacities. These gaps are also conspicuous because ordering events has been a focus in the animal and adult episodic memory literature, especially in relation to the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, arguably the episodic memory “centers” of the brain. My research program helps to fill these gaps, in order to inform the episodic memory development literature, but also help align the developmental literature with the animal model and adult literature on episodic memory. In a series of experiments, I examined memory for temporal order in middle to late childhood and in young adulthood (Pathman & Ghetti, 2014, 2015). These studies showed that eye movements can be used to track long-term memory for temporal order, and was sensitive to age-related change. In the proposed studies, I continue this line of research in two ways. First I examine whether memory accuracy and eye movement effects reported can be linked to age-related changes in brain regions implicated in temporal memory (e.g., hippocampus, prefrontal cortex). Second I extend the work to a larger age range, to create a developmental trajectory of temporal order memory from early to late childhood. Aims: 1) Track development of temporal memory in school-aged children and young adults using behavioral tests of temporal memory accuracy, and examine the factors that contribute to age-related improvements. (Studies 1-3) 2) Examine the development of the hippocampus using indirect (e.g., eye-tracking) and direct (e.g., structural MRI) measures of the hippocampus. (Study 1) 3) Examine the factors that contribute to age-related improvements in temporal memory in middle to late childhood, by examining, for example, how temporal memory accuracy relates to hippocampal structure. (Study 1) 4) Examine the contribution of the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex during temporal memory retrieval using functional MRI. (Study 2) 5) Adapt the paradigm testing temporal memory using eye movements in middle and late childhood to early childhood (Study 3)

这项拟议的研究符合一个更大的长期研究计划，旨在检查与年龄相关的情景记忆改善的因素。情节记忆使我们能够从特定的地点和时间回忆过去的事件。对过去事件的顺序或时间顺序的记忆是情节记忆的关键(例如，Tulving，2002)。在过去的几十年里，使用基于模仿的范式，已经确立了婴儿回忆事件中一系列动作的顺序(例如，Path man参见Bauer，2002,2007)。与这些丰富的婴儿期文学相比，人们对年龄较大的孩子如何在一次经历中对事件进行排序知之甚少。发展文献中的这种差距是显而易见的，因为有序事件是情节记忆和自传体记忆的一个基本特征，因此会影响这些能力的继续发展。这些差距也很明显，因为有序事件一直是动物和成人情节记忆文献中的一个焦点，特别是与海马体和前额叶皮质有关的事件，可以说这两个部位是大脑的情节记忆“中心”。我的研究计划有助于填补这些空白，以便为情节记忆发展文献提供信息，同时也有助于将发展文献与动物模型和成人关于情节记忆的文献相结合。 在一系列实验中，我检查了童年中后期和成年初期的时间顺序记忆(Pathman&Ghetti，2014,2015)。这些研究表明，眼球运动可以用来跟踪时间顺序的长期记忆，并且对年龄相关的变化很敏感。在拟议的研究中，我从两个方面继续这方面的研究。首先，我研究了所报道的记忆准确性和眼动效应是否与与时间记忆有关的大脑区域(如海马体、前额叶皮质)的年龄相关变化有关。其次，我将这项工作扩展到更大的年龄范围，以创建从童年早期到晚期的时间顺序记忆的发展轨迹。 目标： 1)使用时间记忆准确性的行为测试来跟踪学龄儿童和年轻人的时间记忆的发展，并检查与年龄相关的改善的因素。(研究1-3) 2)使用海马体的间接(例如，眼球跟踪)和直接(例如，结构核磁共振)测量来检查海马体的发育。(研究1) 3)通过检查时间记忆的准确性如何与海马体结构相关，来研究与年龄相关的儿童中后期时间记忆改善的因素。(研究1) 4)用功能磁共振成像技术研究了海马区和前额叶皮质在时间记忆提取过程中的作用。(研究2) 5)将使用儿童中后期眼球运动测试时间记忆的范式调整到儿童早期(研究3)