Research and Development of Numerical Methods of Multiphysics and Multiscale Modeling for Emerging Technology Applications and Designs

人工智能、能源与电力系统、物联网(IoT)、5G通信和材料已成为将给我们未来的工作和生活方式带来重大变化和影响的技术领域。它们都包含新的电子和电子电路和系统，应用范围广泛，从无人驾驶车辆到个人健康监测系统，从无线能量采集和传输到成像和传感。工作频率的范围已经从几赫兹的低频率扩展到太赫兹/光频率，组件或系统的不同部分的空间尺寸从纳米到几十米不等。这些应用已经或将使电子电路和系统的设计和优化变得非常具有挑战性：由于要求电路和系统具有低成本、小尺寸和强大的功能，在设计和优化时不仅必须考虑电磁效应(例如场分布、传播)，而且必须考虑多物理现象(例如热、力、舌头、等离子体、量子)。它们需要高效和有效的模拟方法来(I)开发新的工程材料、新的部件、(Ii)缩短设计周期和(Iii)提高竞争力。 我们最近在模拟电磁结构的数值方法方面所做的工作为推进和扩大上述多物理和多尺度模拟领域提供了机会和基础。在这些方法的基础上，我们将发展一种新的通用方法来模拟电磁耦合的热、力、光子、等离子体、量子等物理现象，并形成一个统一了大多数多物理和包括随机特征的多尺度模拟的数值方法的计算平台。我们将扩展我们的建模理论，开发用于电子电气元件和系统的多物理和多尺度建模的相关软件。我们将把我们最近在时域数值方法的解析解和特征分解以及时间逆最小二乘技术方面的工作扩展并纳入到统一计算方法中。然后，我们将应用它来建模、设计和优化用于电子和汽车充电的无线功率传输的新兴组件和系统，用于5G通信的毫米波组件和系统，用于检测生物组织和化学制剂(例如炸药和DNA)的纳米和太赫兹/光学成像设备和系统。这一研究计划的最终成果预计不仅是多物理和多尺度建模的计算方法和软件包，而且还将是适用于新兴技术领域的新的电子元器件、电路和系统。

Artificial intelligence, energy & power systems, internet-of-things (IoT), 5G communications, and materials have emerged as the technology areas that will bring significant changes and impacts on how we work and live in the future. They all encompass novel electronic and electrical circuits and systems for a wide range of applications, from unmanned vehicles to personal health monitoring systems, from wireless power harvesting and transfer to imaging and sensing. The range of operating frequencies has been extended from a low frequency of a few Hertz to terahertz/optical frequency and spatial dimensions of different parts of a component or a system vary from nanometers to tens of meters. These applications have made or will make designs and optimizations of electrical and electronic circuits and systems very challenging: since circuits and systems are required to be of low cost and small size with powerful functionality, not only electromagnetic effects (e.g. field distributions, propagation) but also Multiphysics phenomena (e.g. thermal, force, tongue, plasmonics, quantum) must be considered in design and optimization. They demand for efficient and effective simulation methods to (i) develop new engineered materials, novel components, (ii) shortening design cycles and (iii) increase competitiveness. Our recent work on numerical methods for simulating electromagnetic structures has presented the opportunity and foundation for advancing and expanding the areas of the above-mentioned Multiphysics and multiscale modeling. Based on these methods, we will develop a new generalized method for modeling electromagnetics-coupled thermal, force, photonic, plasmonic, quantum and other physical phenomena, and form a computational platform that unifies most numerical methods for Multiphysics and multiscale modeling including stochastic characterizations. We will expand our modeling theory and develop associated software for Multiphysics and multiscale modeling of electronic and electrical components and systems. We will expand and incorporate our recent work on analytical solutions and eigen-decompositions of time-domain numerical methods and the time reversal least-square technique into the unifying computational method. We will then apply it to model, design and optimize emerging components and systems of wireless power transfer for electronics and automobile charging, mm-wave components and systems for 5G communications, nano- and terahertz/optical imaging devices and systems for detection of biological tissues and chemical agents (e.g. explosives and DNA). The end results of this research program are expected to be not only the computational methods and software packages for Multiphysics and multiscale modeling but also new electrical components, circuits and systems applicable to emerging technology areas.