Belief change in knowledge-based agents

在人工智能中的知识表示中，代理的知识通常是不完整的、不准确的，并且会随着时间的推移而演变。无论代理是物理领域中的机器人，还是网络上的软件代理，还是处理医疗信息语料库的诊断代理，都将是这种情况。一方面，智能体必须能够整合新信息，可能会纠正或填充其错误或不完整的知识。另一方面，代理必须尽可能地处理它所拥有的信息，通过得出合理的结论或以其他方式处理不完整的信息。

In Knowledge Representation in Artificial Intelligence, an agent's knowledge will generally be incomplete, inaccurate, and will evolve over time. This will be the case whether the agent is a robot in a physical domain, or a software agent on the web, or a diagnostic agent dealing with a corpus of medical information. On the one hand, an agent must be able to incorporate new information, perhaps correcting or filling in its erroneous or incomplete knowledge. On the other hand, an agent must deal as best it can with the information it has, by drawing plausible conclusions or otherwise dealing with incomplete information. My research program focusses on these issues, specifically on managing belief change and on the closely-related issues of defeasible and preferential reasoning. While a great deal of work has been carried out in these areas, significant challenges remain: there are fundamental issues that have not been fully addressed or that are not fully understood; applications of belief change theories in practical settings are limited; and work remains in developing belief change theories within a dynamic environment. Research in the previous grant period focussed on belief change, with emphasis on non-classical logics and fragments of classical logic, and on belief change in an action domain. For the next grant period, I will focus primarily on belief change, while also addressing the related topic of using defeasible reasoning for dealing with incomplete knowledge. Three interrelated projects will be undertaken. The first covers formal aspects of belief change and its application in realistic settings. I will look at the specific problems of dealing with (ir)relevant information and in revising in a first-order setting; these are arguably the two major unaddressed (or incompletely addressed) problems in belief change. I also will continue ongoing work in applying belief change in description logics (essentially, fragments of first-order logic), where the goal will be to develop an application for updating a large knowledge base (tentatively SNOMED CT) based on "commonsense" principles. The second project will address topics in qualitative, defeasible, reasoning: a new approach to nonmonotonic reasoning will be developed that is intended to be suitable for description logics; and second, a preference-based approach to deontic reasoning, dealing with instructing an agent what it should do, will be developed and implemented. The third topic continues work from the previous grant period, where the goal is to provide a qualitative, high-level specification of an agent in an action domain where actions may fail or have unanticipated or nondeterministic effects, sensors may not be reliable, and the agent's beliefs may be incorrect.