Bryophyte Ecology in Northern Disturbed Ecosystems

北方受干扰生态系统中的苔藓植物生态学

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-06080
• 负责人: Rochefort, Line
• 金额: $ 4.01万
• 依托单位: Université Laval
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=714070
• 关键词: Bryophyte; Ecology; Northern; Disturbed; Ecosystems

Since graduate studies, my long-term research program focused on the ecology of Sphagnum species in peatlands, first, as impacted by acid rain (nitrogen deposition) and, lately, understanding their distribution and regeneration niche at early successional stages after disturbance. This topic will remain one main theme of my research programme but other groups of bryophytes such as true mosses (commonly named brown mosses) dominating fens and boreal pioneer upland bryophytes and lichens will also be studied. The general objective of my research program will be to provide essential knowledge about the factors determining the success of establishment of mosses and lichens recolonizing disturbed soils and harsh environments. A focus of study will be on facilitation (how some plants benefit from growing in close association with neighbours) and how this plant-plant interaction relationship can contribute to theoretical plant ecology and improve our predictive ability of successional pathways and trajectory of restoration projects. The program will also address how to use and benefit from mosses and lichens in ecosystem restoration based on an understanding of the factors limiting establishment in spontaneously regenerating sites (post-fire peatlands and abandoned mines) or experimentally in growth chambers, mesocosms in greenhouses (small peatland models) and in field. The effects of water level, nutrient availability, competition, mechanical fragmentation, physiological timing, age of living material and freezing temperature on the establishment of mosses from vegetative fragments will be studied. Specific habitats and disturbances under study will be peatlands degraded by peat extraction exposing acidic or minerotrophic organic soil across Canada (QC, NB and MB); road construction disturbances in alpine uplands in National Parks (QC); ore mining operation disturbances in northern uplands (QC and central BC), fens post-fires (NWT and AB), wetland tundra by herbivory (Nunavut) and Sphagnum peatlands by drainage (QC; simulation of a climate change scenario). For the taxa, emphasis will be given to: 1) main Sphagnum species forming the muskegs of Canada, 2) main true mosses contributing to peat accumulation in fens, 3) pioneer fen species 4) some arctic fen species and 5) some expected biocrust forming moss and lichen species. This research program is the only one in Canada to investigate the functional role of bryophytes and lichens in boreal and arctic non-forested wetlands. The better understanding of those organisms will help towards responsible management a variety of habitats across Canada: cut-over horticultural peatlands, peatlands impacted by oil sands infrastructures, upland habitats impacted by road constructions or mining and arctic tundra wetlands under the stress of herbivory and global warming.

自研究生学习以来，我的长期研究计划集中在泥炭地泥炭藓物种的生态学，首先，受到酸雨（氮沉降）的影响，最近，了解它们的分布和更新生态位在干扰后的早期演替阶段。这一主题将仍然是我的研究计划的一个主题，但其他群体的branchites，如真正的苔藓（通常称为棕色苔藓）占主导地位的沼泽和北方先锋高地branchites和地衣也将进行研究。我的研究计划的总体目标将是提供必要的知识，确定建立成功的苔藓和地衣的干扰土壤和恶劣环境的影响因素。研究的重点将是促进（一些植物如何从与邻居的密切联系中受益）以及这种植物-植物相互作用关系如何有助于理论植物生态学，并提高我们对恢复项目的演替途径和轨迹的预测能力。 该计划还将解决如何在生态系统恢复中利用苔藓和地衣并从中受益，这是基于对自发再生地点（火后泥炭地和废弃矿山）建立的限制因素的了解，或在生长室、温室中的围隔生态系统中进行实验（小泥炭地模型）和野外。将研究水位、养分供应、竞争、机械破碎、生理时间、活材料年龄和冷冻温度对从营养碎片建立苔藓的影响。具体的栖息地和干扰研究将泥炭地退化泥炭提取暴露酸性或minerotrophic有机土壤在加拿大（QC、NB和MB）;国家公园高山高地道路施工干扰（QC）;北方高地矿石开采作业干扰（QC和BC中部）、火灾后的沼泽（西北地区和AB）、食草动物的湿地苔原（努纳武特）和排水的泥炭藓泥炭地（QC;气候变化情景模拟）。对于分类群，重点将是：1）主要泥炭藓物种形成加拿大的麝香，2）主要的真正的苔藓在沼泽泥炭积累作出贡献，3）先锋沼泽物种4）一些北极沼泽物种和5）一些预期的生物壳形成苔藓和地衣物种。 该研究项目是加拿大唯一一个调查寒带和北极非森林湿地中苔藓和地衣功能作用的项目。更好地了解这些生物将有助于负责任地管理加拿大各地的各种生境：砍伐园艺泥炭地、受油砂基础设施影响的泥炭地、受道路建设或采矿影响的高地生境以及受食草动物和全球变暖压力影响的北极苔原湿地。