Exploration of the Brassica gene pools for the improvement of spring Brassica napus L. canola

拓宽甘蓝型油菜遗传基础。(AACC，2n = 38），通过育种对油菜的持续改良具有重要意义。我的研究计划的长期目标是扩展我们对不同芸苔属基因库中不同性状的等位基因变异的认识，包括B。oleracea（CC，2n = 18），对B的改良作用。油菜籽然而，在拟议的研究中，我将集中在开花和成熟的早熟性和种子产量性状和B的C基因组。油菜。由于加拿大大草原省的生长季节短，开花和成熟的早对加拿大油菜很重要。在过去的几十年里，育种工作在一定程度上改善了这种作物的早熟性;然而，到目前为止所达到的早熟水平并不能排除这种作物对秋霜危险的易感性。到目前为止，祖先种B的早熟性。在B中利用芜菁（AA，2n = 20）改良早熟性。油菜;然而，这往往是以种子产量为代价的。因此，需要进一步改善早熟性和鉴定有助于该性状而不负面影响种子产量的基因组区域。未来五年将进行的研究是基于这样的假设，即B的C基因组的开花时间基因和等位基因。oleracea与B的C基因组开花时间等位基因不同。在B.将增加开花时间等位基因的多样性，并将改善加拿大卡诺拉的早熟性，并由以下目标指导：（i）绘制B的早花等位基因。甘蓝变种alboglabra（Chinese kale），var. botrytis（cauliflower），var. capitata（cabbage）和var. italica（花椰菜），其正在渗入B。甘蓝型油菜（napus canola）中，了解B群体中早花等位基因的多样性程度。用于改良B的甘蓝基因库。油菜;（ii）确定这些等位基因在开花时间基因和等位基因存在于春季B的背景下的独特性。油菜品种;和（iii）确定这些基因和等位基因对B种子产量的影响。油菜籽从这项研究中获得的知识可以应用于加拿大早熟油菜品种的开发，而不会牺牲种子产量;这将确保作物在仲夏免受热胁迫，在初秋免受霜冻伤害。

Broadening the genetic base of Brassica napus L. (AACC, 2n = 38) canola through breeding is important for continued improvement of this crop. The long-term goal of my research program is to extend our knowledge on the allelic variation for different traits present in different Brassica gene pools, including B. oleracea (CC, 2n = 18), for the improvement of B. napus canola. However, in the proposed research, I will focus on the earliness of flowering and maturity and seed yield traits and on the C genome of B. napus. Earliness of flowering and maturity are important for Canadian canola due to the short growing season in the Prairie Provinces. Breeding efforts in the last decades have improved the earliness in this crop to some extent; however, the level of earliness achieved so far does not exclude the predisposition of this crop to the danger of fall frost. To date, the earliness of the progenitor species B. rapa (AA, 2n = 20) has been exploited to improve the earliness in B. napus; however, this is often achieved at the cost of seed yield. Therefore, further improvement of earliness and identification of the genomic regions that contribute to the trait without negatively affecting seed yield are needed. The research to be carried out over the next five years is based on the hypothesis that flowering time genes and alleles of the C genome of B. oleracea are different from the C genome flowering time alleles of B. napus and introgression of these alleles in B. napus will increase diversity of flowering time alleles and will improve the earliness in Canadian canola, and is guided by the following objectives: (i) map the early-flowering alleles of B. oleracea var. alboglabra (Chinese kale), var. botrytis (cauliflower), var. capitata (cabbage) and var. italica (broccoli), which are being introgressed into B. napus canola, to understand the extent of diversity for early-flowering alleles exists in the B. oleracea gene pool for the improvement of B. napus canola; (ii) determine the uniqueness of these alleles in the context of the flowering time genes and alleles present in spring B. napus cultivars; and (iii) determine the effect of these genes and alleles on seed yield in B. napus canola. The knowledge gained from this research can be applied to the development of early maturing canola cultivars for Canada without sacrifice for seed yield; this will secure the crop from heat stress in mid-summer and from frost damage in early fall.