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Species Interaction Networks in the Boreal Forest: Structure, Assembly, Function, and Responses to Disturbance

北方森林中的物种相互作用网络：结构、组装、功能和对干扰的响应

基本信息

批准号：
RGPIN-2019-06409
负责人：
Frost, Carol
金额：
$ 2.04万
依托单位：
University of Alberta
依托单位国家：
加拿大
项目类别：
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
加拿大
起止时间：
2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=716112
关键词：
Species Interaction Networks Boreal Forest

项目摘要

All species in nature interact with subsets of the other species in their community, both through trophic interactions (predator-prey or host-parasite relationships) and non-trophic interactions (e.g., semiochemicals released by one organism that modify behaviour of other organisms). The structure of this complex network of interactions determines how a fluctuation in the population size or behaviour of one species can send ripple effects through the entire community. Research has shown that interaction networks are not randomly structured, and that certain network architectural features confer important properties, such as network stability or function, the latter referring to a diverse range of ecosystem processes, for example, primary production, decomposition, plant pollination, or natural enemy control of herbivores. However, there are still major knowledge gaps as to how these network structural patterns assemble, how network structure confers specific important functions, and how to quantify interactions and interaction strengths for diverse guilds of arthropod generalist predators and omnivores. Furthermore, only one recent study has attempted to map out all trophic and non-trophic interactions in an ecosystem, and the patterns that emerged from this comprehensive description generated such interesting hypotheses that further attempts to completely describe all the interactions in other ecosystem types seem like a very worthwhile endeavour, and will facilitate the testing of the findings from this initial study, generate new hypotheses, and test the generality among systems. My long-term research objective is to understand how ecological interaction networks assemble and change through ecosystem development, how they respond to anthropogenic and natural disturbance, and how network structure is related to ecosystem function. This knowledge will be critical for improved conservation of ecosystem functions and services, since species interactions underlie many important ecosystem functions. To achieve this objective my proposed research will: 1. Measure differences in quantitative herbivore-parasitoid network structure at different stages of forest community assembly following disturbance, and relate network structure at different stages of forest succession to magnitude and stability of top-down control of herbivores by parasitoids. 2. Investigate how boreal forest Lepidoptera-parasitoid quantitative food web structure changes during forest tent caterpillar outbreaks and compare the strength of parasitoid top-down control of all Lepidoptera species in outbreak areas versus non-outbreak areas. 3. Quantify diet and seasonal nutritional limitation of a habitat generalist omnivorous ant, and how these change with land use intensity and vegetation cover type. 4. Assemble all available trophic and non-trophic interaction data for all known taxa in Alberta's boreal forest and construct the first complete' boreal forest interaction network.

自然界中的所有物种都通过营养相互作用(捕食者-猎物或宿主-寄生虫关系)和非营养相互作用(例如，一个生物体释放的改变其他生物体行为的信号化学物质)与其群落中其他物种的亚群相互作用。这种复杂的相互作用网络的结构决定了一个物种的种群规模或行为的波动如何在整个群落中产生涟漪效应。研究表明，相互作用网络不是随机结构的，某些网络结构特征赋予了重要的性质，如网络稳定性或功能，后者指的是一系列不同的生态系统过程，例如初级生产、分解、植物授粉或天敌对食草动物的控制。然而，关于这些网络结构模式是如何组合的，网络结构如何赋予特定的重要功能，以及如何量化不同的节肢动物多面手捕食者和杂食者协会的相互作用和相互作用强度，仍然存在重大的知识空白。此外，最近只有一项研究试图绘制出生态系统中所有营养和非营养相互作用的地图，从这种全面描述中出现的模式产生了如此有趣的假设，进一步尝试完全描述其他生态系统类型中的所有相互作用似乎是非常值得的努力，并将有助于检验这一初步研究的结果，产生新的假设，并测试系统之间的一般性。我的长期研究目标是了解生态相互作用网络如何通过生态系统发展组装和变化，它们如何应对人为和自然干扰，以及网络结构如何与生态系统功能相关。这一知识对于改善生态系统功能和服务的保护至关重要，因为物种间的相互作用是许多重要生态系统功能的基础。为了实现这一目标，我提议的研究将： 1.测量干扰后森林群落聚集不同阶段草食-寄生蜂数量网络结构的差异，并将森林演替不同阶段的网络结构与寄生蜂自上而下控制草食动物的大小和稳定性联系起来。 2.调查北方森林鳞翅目-寄生蜂在森林帐篷毛虫暴发过程中数量食物网结构的变化，比较暴发区和非暴发区所有鳞翅目昆虫自上而下控制寄生的强度。 3.量化栖息地通用性杂食性蚂蚁的食物和季节营养限制，以及这些限制如何随着土地利用强度和植被覆盖类型的变化而变化。 4.收集阿尔伯塔省北方森林中所有已知类群的所有可用营养和非营养相互作用数据，构建第一个完整的‘北方森林相互作用网络’。