Causal Inference with Massive and Complex data: High-dimensionality and Network Interference

现代观测数据库对新发现大有希望。迄今为止，通过在大量和复杂的数据集中发现关联已经取得了许多进展。寻找关联模式是重要的第一步，但它本身并不能带来可操作的见解。这促使我们提出的方案超越关联，在“大数据”环境中评估因果关系，以便我们更好地理解大自然的无限复杂性，并利用这些知识做出更好的决策。

Modern observational databases hold great promise for new discoveries. To date, a lot of advances have been made by finding associations in massive and complex data sets. Finding patterns of associations is an important first step, but does not by itself lead to actionable insights. This motivates the proposed program to go beyond association and assess causation in “big data” settings, so that we can better understand the infinite complexity of nature, and use such knowledge to make better decisions. Specifically we focus on addressing two key challenges posed by contemporary massive and complex data sets: high-dimensionality and complex network structure. We are going to develop a novel set of methods driven by applications in data-intensive fields such as neuroimaging, genetics and network analysis. These advances will push the frontiers of causal inference beyond conventional settings, and at the same time bring causal thinking to big data analytics. This program will also provide training opportunities for promising undergraduate and graduate students as well as postdoctoral researchers, especially those from historically underrepresented groups. Methods developed through this grant will be coded in R and made publicly available along with publication of related research reports.