Magmatic volatiles and degassing from the Earth

岩浆挥发物和地球脱气

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-04197
• 负责人: Stix, John
• 金额: $ 3.13万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=716836
• 关键词: Magmatic; volatiles; degassing; Earth

This proposal examines the nature, origin, and transport of magmatic volatile elements in influencing and controlling volcanic activity, especially the style and size of violent explosive eruptions which pose a major threat to millions of people worldwide. My goal is to use a series of new and novel tools and approaches which together will propel our understanding of how, when, and why volcanoes erupt. The research is designed to examine volatiles through a vertical section of the shallow Earth system, moving from crustal conditions where volatiles are stored and transported upward, through the near surface where magmatic volatiles interact with shallow groundwater and hydrothermal systems, to the surface where the volatiles emerge as volcanic gas. The first component of the research will use nominally anhydrous minerals (NAM's), which contain small amounts of water, to understand the behaviour of magmatic water in the shallow crust, including its accumulation and loss (degassing). Two systems will be studied in detail, one basaltic (Stromboli, Italy) and one silicic (Toledo caldera, New Mexico, USA). The second component of the research is to understand phreatic eruptions, which are commonly driven by inputs of magmatic gas into shallow hydrothermal systems. I will design, build, and use a new CH4-CO2-H2S MultiGas instrument (first of its kind) to measure the CH4/CO2 gas ratio, which provides a monitor of hydrothermal and magmatic interactions. I will also conduct a field experiment at Rincn de la Vieja volcano in Costa Rica, where phreatic eruptions are common. I will conduct a series of real-time gas, seismic, and deformation measurements before during, and after phreatic eruptions. Last, I will study a suite of hydrothermal breccias at Turrialba volcano, Costa Rica, to determine the nature of sealing and unsealing processes associated with phreatic eruptions and the underlying magmatic-hydrothermal system. The final component of this research is to characterize volcanic plumes isotopically on a near real-time basis, to evaluate spatial and temporal changes in relation to eruptions. The isotopic systems include 13C in CO2, 13C in CH4, and D and 18O in water. In terms of highly qualified personnel (HQP), I will train a total of 13 students (6 MSc-PhD-PDF and 7 BSc). In terms of equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI), gender balance for my students over the past six year has been 56% male and 44% female, and currently it is 43% male and 57% female, with two students from other under-represented groups. My EDI efforts include maintaining gender balance, targeted recruiting, and outreach.

该提案研究了岩浆摇动元素在影响和控制火山活动时的性质，起源和运输，尤其是暴力爆炸性爆发的风格和大小，这对全球数百万人构成了重大威胁。我的目标是使用一系列新颖的新型工具和方法，共同推动我们对火山如何，何时和为什么爆发的理解。该研究旨在通过浅地系统的垂直部分检查挥发物，从地壳条件转移到挥发物的地壳条件下，向上储存和运输，岩浆挥发物与浅地下水和水热系统相互作用，到伏伏型伏击作为燃气气体的表面。该研究的第一个组成部分将使用含有少量水的名义上无水矿物（NAM）来了解岩层中岩浆水在浅层地壳中的行为，包括其积累和损失（脱气）。将详细研究两个系统，一个玄武岩（意大利斯特朗博利）和一个硅（美国新墨西哥州的托莱多火山口）。该研究的第二个组成部分是要了解phreatic爆发，这些喷发通常是由岩浆气体投入到浅水热系统中的驱动的。我将设计，构建和使用新的CH4-CO2-H2S Multigas仪器（首先）来测量CH4/CO2气比，该仪器提供了热液和岩浆相互作用的监视器。我还将在哥斯达黎加的Rincn de la Vieja火山进行实地实验，那里很常见。我将进行一系列的实时气体，地震和变形测量，然后进行液压喷发。最后，我将在哥斯达黎加的Turrialba火山研究一套水热角砾岩，以确定与phreatic爆发以及基础岩浆岩浆热系统相关的密封和未密封过程的性质。这项研究的最终组成部分是在几乎实时以同位素为基础的火山羽流，以评估与喷发有关的空间和时间变化。同位素系统包括CO2中的13C，CH4中的13C，以及在水中的D和18O。在高素质的人员（HQP）方面，我将培训13名学生（6个MSC-PHD-PDF和7 BSC）。在公平，多样性和包容性（EDI）方面，过去六年来我的学生的性别平衡为56％的男性和44％的女性，目前为43％的男性和57％的女性，有两个来自其他代表性不足的群体的学生。我的EDI努力包括保持性别平衡，有针对性的招聘和宣传。