The interplay between the attended and the unattended: A gateway to automatic and controlled processing

有人值守和无人值守之间的相互作用：自动控制处理的门户

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-05626
• 负责人: Vachon, François
• 金额: $ 3.42万
• 依托单位: Université Laval
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=717307
• 关键词: interplay; between; attended; unattended; gateway

Our minds are constantly bombarded with stimuli and yet we must pay attention to the small subset of these that are relevant to our present task. For example, when reading this text you are paying attention to the black features comprising words and not traffic noise or people talking in the background. This crucial ability for focusability must be balanced against remaining open to interruption by sudden changes in the environment that are goal-irrelevant but may signal something more important. Thus, to some extent we must remain distractible, i.e. permeable to irrelevant information. However, in many cases, the essential capacity for permeability leaves us open to unwanted distraction that threatens to impair mental performance. This proposal focuses on two streams of a continuing program of research that has as its central goal the modeling of the processes involved in striking the optimal balance between focusability and permeability in the presence of irrelevant stimulation. More specifically, the current research project investigates distraction in the auditory domain using combinations of behavioral and physiological methods with human participants with the objective to advance the theoretical understanding of basic cognitive mechanisms involved in automatic and controlled processing. The first stream outlines a systematic investigation that aims to advance the theoretical comprehension of how auditory distraction can be tempered by higher executive functions. To understand how the cognitive control of distraction is achieved, we propose to examine high task-set activation as a mechanism of cognitive control and to pinpoint the locus of top-down control. This work will allow us to understand and predict the main contextual conditions and some person-specific dispositions that govern the likelihood of distraction. The second line of research is concerned with the semantic properties of background speech. More specifically, this stream endeavors to determine how the content of the irrelevant sound and its meaning are processed and how such processing interferes with ongoing goal-related behavior. This will be achieved by scrutinizing the functional characteristics of a novel form of auditory distraction established in my lab, whereby the automatic detection of a semantic incongruence within to-be-ignored sound disrupts task performance. This research is designed to advance our understanding of how the interplay between the attended and the unattended influences the delicate balance between focusability and distractibility. The combination of experimental and physiological techniques will enrich our knowledge of how unattended information is processed, how such processing contributes to failure of focusability, and how such distraction can be tempered by higher cognitive functions. The results will certainly extend beyond its theoretical impact by having practical implications for the comprehension and remediation of distraction.

我们的思想不断受到刺激的轰炸，但是我们必须注意与我们目前的任务相关的小部分。例如，在阅读本文时，您将注意包括单词而不是交通噪音或背景中的人说话的黑色功能。这种关键能力必须保持平衡，以与目标突然变化保持目标，而目标是目标，但可能表明一些更重要的东西。因此，在某种程度上，我们必须分散注意力，即无关紧要的信息。但是，在许多情况下，渗透性的基本能力使我们对有可能损害心理表现的不必要的分心开放。 该提案重点介绍了一个持续研究计划的两个流，该课程作为其核心目标是对在存在无关刺激的情况下取得最佳平衡和渗透率之间最佳平衡的过程的建模。更具体地说，当前的研究项目使用行为和生理方法与人类参与者的组合研究了听觉领域的注意力，目的是提高对自动和受控处理涉及的基本认知机制的理论理解。 第一个流概述了一项系统的调查，旨在提高对听觉分心如何通过更高的执行功能来缓解听觉分散注意力的理论。为了了解如何实现分心的认知控制，我们建议将高任务集的激活作为认知控制机制，并确定自上而下控制的轨迹。这项工作将使我们能够理解并预测主要的上下文条件以及某些人的特定特定倾向，以控制分心的可能性。 研究的第二线与背景语音的语义属性有关。更具体地说，该流努力确定如何处理无关的声音及其含义的内容以及这种处理如何干扰与目标相关的行为。这将通过审查在我的实验室中建立的新型听觉​​分散注意力的功能特征来实现，从而自动检测出符号的声音中的语义不一致会破坏任务性能。 这项研究旨在促进我们对参加活动和无人值守之间的相互作用如何影响关注性和分散性之间的微妙平衡的理解。实验技术和生理技术的结合将丰富我们对如何处理无人看管的信息的了解，这种处理如何导致关注性失败以及如何通过更高的认知功能来缓解这种干扰。结果无疑将通过对分心的理解和补救产生实际影响来超越其理论影响。