Uncovering Auditory Distraction through a Behavioral and Eye-Tracking Combined Approach

通过行为和眼动追踪相结合的方法发现听觉分心

• 批准号: 418623-2013
• 负责人: Vachon, François
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: Université Laval
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=573752
• 关键词: Uncovering; Auditory; Distraction; through; Behavioral

Efficient mental performance is critically dependent on attentional selectivity: the ability to couple goal-related properties of incoming stimulation to the control of action while preventing goal-unrelated stimuli from doing so. Yet, whereas such selectivity would confer the advantage of being able to focus on a chosen goal, its rigid application would also mean a maladaptive lack of responsiveness to changing circumstances, some of which could signal danger or opportunity. Hence, the cognitive system must remain permeable to irrelevant stimulation in light of possible changes in environmental conditions or behavioral goals, lest the organism be rendered unresponsive to unexpected and potentially significant events. The benefits of permeability come, however, with the price of distractibility, whereby irrelevant stimuli can compromise the efficacy of goal- driven behavior. The central purpose of the proposed research is to uncover the underlying cognitive processes involved in striking the optimal balance between selectivity and permeability in the presence of irrelevant sound. Whereas some researchers ascribe the disruptive impact of unattended sound exclusively to attentional capture (the involuntary orienting of attention by a sound that deviates from the recent auditory past), others propose that auditory distraction can also ensue from competition-for-action (the disruption of deliberate processing by the obligatory processing of sound). This research program seeks to establish further key differences between the different forms of auditory distraction by focusing on how auditory deviants disrupt behavior and to pinpoint the origin(s) of such disruption through the innovative combination of behavioral and oculomotor data. The characteristics and nature of the to-be-ignored sound and the focal task will be systematically manipulated in order to: 1) establish pupillometry as an index of auditory attentional capture by deviant sounds; 2) specify the cognitive mechanisms responsible for the disturbance of cognitive functioning by deviant sounds; 3) determine the extent to which unattended sound is processed; 4) determine whether attention-capturing deviants take control over attentional mechanisms that are overt and/or covert in nature.

有效的心理表现关键取决于注意力选择性：将传入刺激与目标相关的特性与动作控制的能力，同时防止目标无关的刺激。但是，尽管这种选择性将赋予能够专注于所选目标的优势，但其严格的应用也将意味着适应不良的对变化环境的反应不足，其中一些可能表明危险或机会。因此，鉴于环境条件或行为目标的可能变化，认知系统必须渗透到无关紧要的刺激中，以免生物对意外且潜在的重要事件无反应。然而，渗透率的好处是出于分散性的代价，从而无关紧要的刺激可以损害目标驱动行为的功效。拟议研究的核心目的是揭示在存在无关的声音存在下选择性和渗透率之间最佳平衡所涉及的基本认知过程。尽管一些研究人员将无人看管的声音专门归因于注意力捕获的破坏性影响（通过偏离最近的听觉过去的声音的非自愿定位），而其他人则建议听觉分散注意力的分心也可能因竞争而导致竞争（通过声音的强制处理处理刻意处理的处理））。该研究计划旨在通过关注听觉偏差如何破坏行为并通过行为和眼动数据的创新组合来确定这种破坏的起源，从而建立不同形式的听觉分散注意力之间的进一步关键差异。为了以下方式，将系统地操纵要签名的声音和焦点任务的特征和性质：1）建立羽毛状测定法作为偏差声音的听觉注意捕获的索引； 2）指定负责通过异常声音对认知功能干扰的认知机制； 3）确定处理无人看管的声音的程度； 4）确定捕获注意力的异常是否控制着自然界明显和/或秘密的注意机制。