Soil Structure Interaction Analysis for Energy Foundations

能源需求不断增加，化石燃料储备不断减少，人们对碳排放导致气候变化的有害影响更加关注，因此有必要寻找替代、可再生和清洁的能源。风能和地热能是清洁和可再生能源，可以通过建立海上风电场和建造结构基础来经济地提取，这些结构基础具有从地面提取地热能和为建筑物和结构提供机械支撑的双重目的。 最近在欧洲和世界其他地区安装的海上风力涡轮机（OWT）使总发电能力超过11，027 MW。OWT大多建立在坚固的基础上，可以沿着加拿大漫长的海岸线提供连续稳定的风能供应。单桩设计需要改进，特别是针对循环负载，以提高风电场的成本效益和可靠性。 据估计，在住宅和商业建筑中使用地热能可减少45-80%的二氧化碳排放量，并节省18-56%的成本。通过能源桩基础提取地热能在加拿大是非常可行的，因为地球表面以下几英尺的温度保持稳定在20- 35摄氏度的狭窄范围内。在使用能源桩的主要问题是缺乏一个精确的设计方法，因为能源桩的可靠性是没有很好地建立在加拿大打桩行业。 拟议的研究将通过（1）开发支持海上风力涡轮机支架的海洋沉积物的本构模型，（2）开发分析和数值框架以研究循环荷载下支架的长期性能，（3）将分析扩展到考虑土壤性质的随机空间异质性的概率框架，（4）执行风力涡轮机框架的地震分析，（5）使用地热能桩应用的实验室测试来研究土壤和土壤-混凝土界面的热机械行为，（6）开发用于土壤的热塑性、非等温土壤本构模型，（7）开发用于分析机械和热载荷下的能量桩的数值框架，（8）在此基础上改进风力发电机组和地热能堆的设计方法;（9）进行风力发电机组和地热能堆的可持续性评估。 拟议的研究计划将建立一个开创性的，合理的框架，分析和设计的桩和能源桩。由于该行业将认识到研究的价值，该框架将在实践中采用，这将有助于加拿大民用基础设施的可持续发展与清洁能源技术。

Increasing energy demands, dwindling fossil fuel reserves and a heightened concern for the detrimental effects of carbon emissions leading to climate change have made it necessary to search for alternate, renewable and clean energy sources. Wind and geothermal energies are clean and renewable energies that can be extracted economically by setting up offshore wind farms and by constructing structural foundations which serve the dual purpose of extracting geothermal energy from the ground and providing mechanical support to buildings and structures. Recent installations of offshore wind turbines (OWTs) in Europe and other parts of the world have led to a total power generation capacity of over 11,027 MW. OWTs are mostly founded on monopile foundations and can provide a continuous and steady supply of wind energy along the long coast lines of Canada. Monopile design requires improvement, particularly against cyclic loads, to improve the cost-effectiveness and reliability of the wind farms. It is estimated that the use of geothermal energy in residential and commercial buildings may lead to 45-80% reduction in CO2 emissions and to 18-56% cost savings. The extraction of geothermal energy through energy pile foundations is very viable in Canada, because the temperature at a few feet below the earth's surface remains stable within a narrow range of 20-35C. The main concern in using energy piles is the lack of a precise design method because of which the reliability of energy piles is not well established in the Canadian piling industry. The proposed research will address the current gaps in the design of monopile foundations and geothermal pile foundations by (1) developing constitutive models for marine deposits supporting offshore wind-turbine monopiles, (2) developing analytical and numerical frameworks to investigate the long-term performance of monopiles under cyclic loads, (3) extending the analysis to a probabilistic framework considering the random spatial heterogeneity of soil properties, (4) performing earthquake analysis of the wind-turbine monopiles, (5) investigating the thermo-mechanical behavior of soil and soil-concrete interface using laboratory tests for geothermal energy pile applications, (6) developing thermoplastic, non-isothermal soil constitutive models for soil, (7) developing a numerical framework to analyze energy piles under mechanical and thermal loads, (8) improving design methodologies of wind-turbine monopiles and geothermal piles based on the research, and (9) performing sustainability assessment of wind-turbine monopiles and geothermal energy piles. The proposed research program will establish a pioneering, rational framework for the analysis and design of monopiles and energy piles. As the profession will recognize the value of the research, the framework will be adopted in practice, which will contribute to the sustainable development of civil infrastructure in Canada with clean energy technologies.