Control and optimization of electric power systems

由于可再生能源发电、储能、直流输电以及它们之间的电力电子接口，电网的物理特性正在发生变化。例如，变流器改善了电网的可控性，同时引入了谐波、新的保护问题和以前惰性时间尺度上的动态。 这项研究将解决未来电力系统中的系统级问题。今天，许多基本问题都没有得到解答，例如：(I)交直流电网最经济、最可靠的输电网络结构是什么？可能有多种类型的变流器和配置可供选择，目标可以包括稳态指标(如效率)和动态目标(如抑制振荡)；(Ii)在具有多个变流器的电力系统中出现了什么新的信息结构，以及如何在调度和调节中利用这些信息结构；以及(Iii)直流输电线路应如何在多项服务(如批量功率传输、备用和调节)上分配其容量。在这种情况下，激励适当的市场参与的正确经济机制是什么？ 本研究将运用控制论和最优化的工具来解决这些问题。例如，结构系统理论是理解变流器如何提高大容量电力系统可控性的一种很有前途的方法。在多个服务上分配DC线路容量的问题类似于在多个服务上分配能量存储容量的研究得很好的问题，但在网络环境中并且没有能量限制。这些问题和其他问题的解决方案将指导未来电力系统的设计和运行，提高其效率和可靠性，并进一步促进可再生能源的整合。

The physical character of the power grid is changing due to renewable generation, energy storage, direct current (DC) transmission, and their power electronic interfaces. For example, converters improve the controllability of the grid, and at the same time introduce harmonics, new protection issues, and dynamics on previously inert timescales. This research will address system-level problems in future power systems. Today many basic questions are unanswered, for example: (i) what is the most economic and reliable transmission network structure for an AC/DC grid? There may be multiple types of converters and configurations to choose from, and objectives can include steady-state metrics like efficiency, and dynamic objectives like suppression of oscillations; (ii) what new information structures arise in power systems with many converters, and how can these information structures be exploited in dispatch and regulation; and (iii) how should DC transmission lines allocate their capacity over multiple services like bulk power transfer, reserves, and regulation. In this case, what are the right economic mechanisms for incentivizing proper market participation? This research will address these questions using tools from control theory and optimization. For example, structural systems theory is a promising approach to understanding how converters improve the controllability of bulk power systems. The problem of allocating DC line capacity over multiple services is similar to the well-studied problem of allocating energy storage capacity over multiple services, but in a network setting and without energy constraints. The solution to these and other problems will inform the design and operation of future power systems, improving its efficiency and reliability and further enabling the integration of renewable energy sources.