Improved sampling and detection for proactive management of mycotoxins in grain.

与谷物玉米行业相关的三个霉菌毒素相关问题：（1）提高采样精度：无法快速可靠地从卡车装载的谷物中收集代表性谷物样本进行霉菌毒素测试。 目前，这是通过在粮食接收点对每批货物进行几次随机粮食探测来完成的;无论是卖方还是买方，对样品都没有信心。我们建议开发和验证一个简单的，谷物粉尘抽吸协议的谷物玉米在粮食转移过程中应用，以估计总脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）含量的谷物批次;（2）真菌毒素分析：关注的DON的比例测量的副产品（DDG）的DON测量的谷物，是不一致的，往往高于预期，或样品比样品测试预测的生物活性。我们建议确定概况并识别DON及其缀合物的主要贡献形式，以及在进入乙醇过程的玉米和离开乙醇过程的DDG中新发现的真菌毒素NX，并在整个过程中开发这些各种真菌毒素的质量平衡;（3）快速真菌毒素检测。目前的快速检测试剂盒不能测量谷物和DDGS中所有各种形式的DON及其掩蔽缀合物，因此总DON被低估。我们建议比较主要的商业侧流装置估计DON和相关化合物的玉米，玉米粉尘和DDGs的目的，以更好地确定污染样品的生物活性潜力的牲畜。还将开发和验证用于测试灰尘中DON的用户友好型水基提取。

Addresses three mycotoxin-related problems associated with the grain corn industry; (1) Improve sampling accuracy: the inability to rapidly and reliably collect a representative grain sample from a truck load for mycotoxin testing. Currently this is being done by several random grain probes for each load at the grain receiving point; and there is no confidence in the sample for either sellers or buyers. We propose to develop and validate a simple, grain dust-aspirating protocol for grain corn applied during grain transfer to estimate total deoxynivalenol (DON) content of a grain lot; (2) Mycotoxin profiling: the concern that the ratio of DON measured in the by-products (DDGs) to DON measured in the grain, is not consistent and often higher than expected, or the sample is more bioactive than the sample test predicts. We propose to determine the profile and identify the major contributing forms of DON and their conjugates plus the newly discovered mycotoxin NXs in corn entering, and DDG leaving the ethanol process and develop a mass balance of these various mycotoxins throughout the process; (3) Rapid mycotoxin testing. Current rapid test kits are incapable of measuring all the various forms of DON and their masked conjugates in grain and DDGS, and therefore total DON is being underestimated. We propose to compare the main commercial lateral flow devices for estimating DON and related compounds in corn, corn dust and DDGs with the objective to better identify the bioactivity potential of contaminated sample to livestock. A user friendly water based extraction for testing DON in dust will also be developed and validated.