Improved sampling and detection for proactive management of mycotoxins in grain.

解决与谷物玉米工业有关的三个霉菌毒素相关问题；(1)提高采样精度：无法快速、可靠地从卡车上收集具有代表性的谷物样本进行霉菌毒素检测。目前，这是由几个随机的谷物探测器在谷物接收点为每个负载完成的；卖家和买家对样本都没有信心。我们建议开发和验证一种简单的谷物粉尘吸入方案，用于谷物转移期间的谷物玉米，以估计谷物批次的总脱氧雪腐镰刀菌醇（DON）含量；(2)霉菌毒素分析：担心副产品（ddg）中测量到的DON与谷物中测量到的DON的比例不一致，而且往往高于预期，或者样品的生物活性比样品测试预测的要高。我们建议确定DON及其偶联物和新发现的霉菌毒素NXs在玉米进入乙醇过程中的主要贡献形式，以及DDG离开乙醇过程，并在整个过程中建立这些不同真菌毒素的质量平衡；(3)快速霉菌毒素检测。目前的快速检测试剂盒无法测量谷物和DDGS中所有不同形式的DON及其掩膜偶联物，因此总DON被低估了。为了更好地确定受污染样品对牲畜的生物活性潜力，我们建议比较几种主要的用于测定玉米、玉米粉尘和DDGs中DON及相关化合物的商业横向流动装置。还将开发和验证一种用户友好的水基提取方法，用于测试粉尘中的DON。

Addresses three mycotoxin-related problems associated with the grain corn industry; (1) Improve sampling accuracy: the inability to rapidly and reliably collect a representative grain sample from a truck load for mycotoxin testing. Currently this is being done by several random grain probes for each load at the grain receiving point; and there is no confidence in the sample for either sellers or buyers. We propose to develop and validate a simple, grain dust-aspirating protocol for grain corn applied during grain transfer to estimate total deoxynivalenol (DON) content of a grain lot; (2) Mycotoxin profiling: the concern that the ratio of DON measured in the by-products (DDGs) to DON measured in the grain, is not consistent and often higher than expected, or the sample is more bioactive than the sample test predicts. We propose to determine the profile and identify the major contributing forms of DON and their conjugates plus the newly discovered mycotoxin NXs in corn entering, and DDG leaving the ethanol process and develop a mass balance of these various mycotoxins throughout the process; (3) Rapid mycotoxin testing. Current rapid test kits are incapable of measuring all the various forms of DON and their masked conjugates in grain and DDGS, and therefore total DON is being underestimated. We propose to compare the main commercial lateral flow devices for estimating DON and related compounds in corn, corn dust and DDGs with the objective to better identify the bioactivity potential of contaminated sample to livestock. A user friendly water based extraction for testing DON in dust will also be developed and validated.