Management of Fusarium graminearum in corn and wheat

玉米和小麦禾谷镰刀菌的管理

• 批准号: 522221-2017
• 负责人: Schaafsma, Art
• 金额: $ 7.28万
• 依托单位: University of Guelph
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Collaborative Research and Development Grants
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=664419
• 关键词: Management; Fusarium; graminearum; corn; wheat

Fusarium graminearum Schwabe causes gibberella ear rot (GER) in corn and fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat, resulting in yield loss and poor grain quality with the accumulation of mycotoxins, mainly deoxynivalenol (DON). Mycotoxins in grain are a serious concern for the grain industry because they constitute a serious problem for food and feed safety, present a risk for human and animal health and are regulated in Canada. The pathobiology of GER is changing in corn because of the following factors: i) recent establishment of western bean cutworm Striacosta albicosta Smith (WBC) as a key ear pest, ii) only one class of fungicide chemistry is currently available to manage GER and DON, iii) inoculum load is changing due to the adoption of conservation tillage systems, iv) using crops that stay green longer increases crop residues on the soil surface, and v) observed shifts in F. graminearum chemotypes. This project will characterize an integration of these factors with F. graminearum in wheat and the pest complex of F. graminearum and S. albicosta in corn. One opportunity is to use a combination of transgenic corn resistant to S. albicosta, with and without insecticides and fungicides, including the development of the new active ingredient adepidyn, to control the pathogen and/or the insect. A second opportunity is to reduce inoculum potential through the selection of hybrids, inoculum suppression, acceleration of residue decomposition, and competitive exclusion of F. graminearum. Both opportunities will be explored in the context of shifting chemotypes to anticipate any future changes in approach that may be needed. A better understanding of this pest complex and its interactions will ultimately contribute to management strategies to reduce GER/FHB and DON in corn and wheat.**

禾谷镰刀菌（Fusarium graminearum）施瓦贝（Schwabe）引起玉米赤霉病（格尔）和小麦赤霉病（FHB），导致产量损失和谷物品质下降，并积累主要为脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）的真菌毒素。谷物中的真菌毒素是谷物行业的一个严重问题，因为它们对食品和饲料安全构成严重问题，对人类和动物健康构成风险，并在加拿大受到监管。由于以下因素，玉米中格尔的病理生物学正在发生变化：i）西部豆地老虎Striacosta albicosta Smith（WBC）最近被确定为关键穗害虫，ii）目前只有一类杀真菌剂化学品可用于管理格尔和DON，iii）由于采用保护性耕作系统，接种物负荷正在改变，iv）使用保持绿色更长时间的作物增加了土壤表面的作物残留物，以及v）观察到的F.禾谷早熟禾化学型本项目将这些因素与F.禾谷镰刀菌（F. graminearum）在小麦上的为害及禾谷镰刀菌（F. graminearum）在小麦上的为害复合体。graminearum和S.玉米中的albicosta。 一个机会是使用抗S的转基因玉米组合。本发明涉及在有或没有杀虫剂和杀真菌剂的情况下对白腹小卷蛾进行的防治，包括开发新的活性成分adepidyn，以控制病原体和/或昆虫。第二个机会是通过选择杂交种、抑制接种物、加速残留物分解和竞争性排除F.禾谷早熟禾这两个机会将在改变化学型的背景下进行探索，以预测未来可能需要的任何方法变化。更好地了解这种害虫复合体及其相互作用将最终有助于管理策略，以减少玉米和小麦中的格尔/FHB和DON。